查找使用阿拉丁产品的科研文献

Oligosaccharides from black ginseng innovatively prepared by low temperature steam-heating process ameliorate cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease mice via the Keap-1/Nrf2 pathway

Weiyin Xu,Peng Yu,Simeng Shao,Zhaoyang Xie,Yi Wu,Jianing Liu,Tianyang Xu,Guangzhi Cai,Hongmei Yang

Background Our objective in this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the oligosaccharides extracted from black ginseng (BG), innovatively prepared by a low-temperature steam-heating process, in the improvement of learning and memory impairment in mice, as well as the mechanism(s). Results 8 carbohydrates involving isomaltose and maltotetraose were detected in BG, where the monosaccharide residues including mannose and rhamnose were discovered too. OSBG-treated mice showed significant amelioration in recognition and spatial memory deficits compared to the scopolamine (SCO) group. OSBG could decrease acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in a tissue-dependent fashion but not in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, in contrast, OSBG administration resulted in significant upregulation superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), downregulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the tissues. Finally, at the genus level, we observed that the OSBG interventions increased the relative abundance of probiotics ( e.g. , Barnesiella, Staphylococcus , Clostridium_XlVb ,) and decreased pernicious bacteria such as Eisenbergiella and Intestinimonas , compared to the AD mouse model group. Herein, our results demonstrate that OSBG restores the composition of the scopolamine-induced intestinal microbiota in mice, providing a homeostasis of gut microbiota and providing evidence for microbiota-regulated therapeutic potentials of it. Conclusion Our results showed for the first time a clear role for OSBG in improving scopolamine-induced memory impairment by inhibiting cholinergic dysfunction in a tissue-dependent manner. Additionally, OSBG administration relieved oxidative stress by activating the Keap-1/Nrf2 pathway and modulating the gut microbiota. Collectively, OSBG may be a promising target for neuroprotective antioxidants for improving memory and cognition in AD patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.