PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
·
2024
·
IF 6.9
Yadong Ning,Yanjuan Zhang,Boyuan Zhu,Guangye Wei,Qiang Wang,Jingkui Qu
Due to its potential environmental hazards and the importance of valuable metal supply, the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted widespread attention. The hydrometallurgical process for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries faces the problem of excessive acid consumption and the need for different redox additives to improve the leaching rate of major metals which will result in issues such as resource waste and secondary pollution. In this study, using LFP and NCM as raw materials, the inherent oxidation/reduction characteristics between them were utilized to achieve leaching rates of over 99 % for Ni, Mn, Li, and over 95 % for Co, without the addition of any redox additives under near stoichiometric sulfuric acid . The leaching kinetics and reaction mechanism of different metals indicate that LFP rapidly dissolves in the sulfuric acid solution, with the released Fe 2+ acting as a reducing agent. The subsequent slower reaction between Fe 2+ and NCM becomes the rate-controlling step. Afterwards, the leachate regulated by solution control can be further used to prepare Ni-Co-Mn hydroxide precursors and lithium carbonate after the formation of FePO 4 . This method effectively reduces chemical consumption, mitigates environmental footprint , and achieves highly economical recovery of metals from spent lithium-ion batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2025
·Vol. 18
·期 19
·4457
·
IF 3.2
Xiangli Wen,Mingkun Bi,Lvzhou Li,Jianning Ding
During the homogenization process of lithium battery slurry, the slurry shearing process causes the surface of the homogenization equipment to wear and generate metal containing debris, which poses a risk of inducing battery self-discharge and even explosion. Therefore, inhibiting wear of homogenizing equipment is imperative, and systematic investigation into the wear behavior and underlying mechanisms of SUS304 stainless steel during homogenization is urgently required. In this study, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) cathode slurries were used as research objects. Changes in surface parameters, microstructure, and elemental composition of the wear region on SUS304 stainless steel under different working conditions were characterized. The results indicate that in the SUS304-lithium-ion battery slurry system, the potential wear mechanism of SUS304 gradually evolves with changes in load and rotational speed, following the order: adhesive wear (low speed, low load) → abrasive wear (medium speed, high load) → fatigue wear (high speed). Under high-load and high-rotational-speed conditions, oxidative corrosion wear on the ball–disc contact surface is particularly pronounced. Additionally, wear of SUS304 is more severe in the LFP slurry system compared to the NCM system. Macroscopic experiments also revealed that the speed effect is a core factor influencing the wear of SUS304, and the increase in its wear rate is more than twice that caused by the load effect. This study helps to clarify the wear behavior and wear mechanism evolution of homogenization equipment during the lithium battery homogenization process, providing data support and optimization direction for subsequent material screening and surface strengthening treatment of homogenization equipment components.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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表面工程
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锂离子电池制造
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摩擦学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2022
·
IF 7.336
Bingying Zhu,Xiaotang Shi,Tianle Zheng,Jianwei Xiong,Ya-Jun Cheng,Yonggao Xia
Lithium secondary battery with a wide working temperature range is crucial to boost its increasing applications in harsh circumstances. Suppressing excessive electrolyte decomposition at high temperatures while maintaining reasonable electrochemical kinetics at low temperatures is critical for wide-temperature electrochemical performance. Construction of high temperature stable electrode-electrolyte interface layer by electrolyte formulation is an effective strategy to prevent electrolyte from uncontrollable decomposition. On the contrary to conventional thinking, propylene carbonate (PC) bearing poor filming ability to suppress electrolyte decomposition is used in this work to promote decomposition of the single lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiODFB) salt in the electrolyte, producing inorganic-rich interface layer with good structure stability over a wide temperature range. Glutaronitrile (GLN) is further utilized to minimize the decomposition of PC by expelling PC out of the solvation sheath of lithium-ion. The teamwork of LiODFB, PC, and GLN makes a synergistic contribution to building a high-temperature stable electrode-electrolyte interface layer at both LFP and MCMB electrodes. Based on the approach developed in this work, the temperature window is successfully expanded to the range of from -40 °C to 140 °C. Excellent electrochemical performance is exhibited by both LFP/Li and MCMB/Li cells from -20 °C to 100 °C in terms of reversible capacity and cyclic stability.
研究领域:
电化学
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材料科学
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电池技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
LANGMUIR
·
2026
·
IF 4.4
Jianwen Su,Junwen Tang,Shaoqiu Wang,Han Fu,Kai Fan,Yuzhou Zhao,Shuaishuai Fang,Xiaoming Cai,Ming Qin,Jinming Cai
Olivine LiFePO4 (LFP) is regarded as a particularly viable cathode for lithium-ion batteries and is distinguished by its remarkable thermal safety, long-term cycling performance, and favorable environmental profile. Nevertheless, the implementation of this material in high-power applications remains constrained by inherently poor electrical conductivity and sluggish kinetics of lithium-ion transport. Conventional carbon-coating strategies generally rely on external carbon sources, whereas this study proposes a novel dual-functional precursor approach using Prussian blue (PB, Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3) as both iron and carbon sources to synthesize carbon-coated LFP (LFP/C) via a one-step sintering process. Electrochemical evaluations show that the synthesized material displays an excellent initial discharge capacity of 160.3 mAh·g–1 at 0.2C and retains 119.1 mAh·g–1 even under a high-rate condition of 6C. Upon returning to 0.2C, the capacity rebounds to 160.9 mAh·g–1, reflecting exceptional rate performance and structural reversibility. Furthermore, capacity retentions of 96.7% and 84.3% are achieved after 500 cycles at 1C and 5C, demonstrating remarkable long-term cycling stability. These performance enhancements originate from the in situ formed carbon layer and highly ordered structure derived from the PB precursor. The former establishes an efficient electron-conducting network and suppresses particle growth, while the latter promotes the formation of uniformly distributed particles, facilitating electrolyte infiltration and lithium-ion transport. This work confirms that the use of PB as a dual-functional precursor constitutes a straightforward and efficient approach to synthesizing high-performance LFP/C, providing a new pathway for developing high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 4.4
Wang Tielin,Ji Jiahao,Wen Jingli,Yang Zhaoxia,Lin Tao,Lian Fang,Meng Nan,Shao Huiping
Lithium-ion batteries are pivotal in the development of advanced compact energy storage systems. In this study, the network-structured lithium iron phosphate-polyethylene oxide-polyvinylidene fluoride (LFP–PEO–PVDF) electrodes, the PEO electrolyte and PEO/LFP–PEO–PVDF composite electrodes were prepared by 3D gel printing (3DGP). The binder of the LFP–PEO–PVDF electrode is a PEO–PVDF composite binder, and the different PEO–PVDF ratios in the binder were varied with pure PEO (no PVDF), 9:1, 7:3 and 5:5, which corresponded to four electrode slurries. The results show that the electrodes printed with a PEO–PVDF ratio of 7:3 exhibited good shape retention capability and electrochemical performance. The printing slurry of 7:3-electrode had the apparent viscosity of 1.20 Pa s at a shear rate of 358.2 s −1 , which was suitable for printing. The electrochemical measurement results show that the capacity retention rates of the network-structured electrodes with 7:3-electrode was 85.5% after 300 cycles at 0.5 C. The incorporation of PVDF into the binder improved the structural retention capability and capacity retention rate of the electrode during cycling. The printed PEO electrolyte shows good shape retention and uniform thickness, with an ionic conductivity of 1.32 mS cm −1 at 60 °C. The PEO/LFP–PEO–PVDF composite electrodes demonstrate good interfacial contact between the electrode and electrolyte layers, and the composite electrodes delivered a specific capacity of 97.2 mAh g −1 and a capacity retention rate of 71.7% after 50 cycles at 0.1 C.
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Yifeng Li,Haoxuan Yu,Yuan Ding,Meiting Huang,Yaohui Xie,Peilin Li,Zhihao Wang,Lihua Wang,Liang Chen,Xubiao Luo,Liming Yang
During long–term cycling of LiFePO 4 (LFP) cathodes, the accumulation of surface side reactions usually causes lithium loss and gradual formation of iron phosphate (FP) phase, thus resulting in progressive performance degradation of LFP. Herein, a N doping–assisted regeneration strategy for LFP cathodes is proposed. The inherent carbonaceous impurities in spent LFP are utilized to reconstruct a carbon coating, along with simultaneous N doping by the added urea, thereby enabling the regeneration of high–performance LFP cathodes. The regenerated material (N–doped carbon coated regenerated LFP, abbreviated as RLFP@NC) has a well–maintained crystal structure, which shows an excellent discharge capacity of 106.3 mAh g −1 at a high rate of 5C (1C = 170 mA g −1 ) and a remarkable cycling stability with a capacity retention of 87.2 % after 500 cycles. Theoretical calculations reveal that this enhanced structural stability and improved electrical conductivity are primarily attributed to the presence of N–doped carbon coating. Furthermore, the economic analysis demonstrates that our adopted method is featured with excellent cost–effectiveness and environmental friendliness, offering a viable approach for the green and low–carbon recycling of LFP cathodes.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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储能技术
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纳米技术
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可持续化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
·
2025
·
IF 10.9
Haoxuan Yu,Derun Zhao,Kechun Chen,Meiting Huang,Haitao Yang,Liming Yang,Zhihao Wang,Liang Chen,Xuan Ding,Hui Lv,Xubiao Luo
The increasing retirement of LiFePO 4 (LFP) batteries provides a unique chance for advancing the direct regeneration of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the existence of Al impurities from current collectors during the pretreatment of recycling poses a challenge. In this study, we enhance the direct regeneration process of spent LFP material by utilizing Al impurities to replace some cationic sites in the olivine structure. This approach achieves simultaneous elemental compensation and valence restoration, promoting the regeneration of LFP with stable structure and enhanced Li + diffusion rate. The regenerated LFP with Al doping exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 153.9 mAh g -1 , good rate performance with capacity of 112.1 mAh g -1 at 5 C (1 C = 170 mAh g -1 ), and excellent cycling stability (96.4 % capacity retention after 200 cycles). This strategy introduces a threshold for Al impurities and offers a chance to guide the future direct regeneration of LFP materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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储能技术
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电池回收
·
电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2022
·
IF 4.132
Jingwei Wan,Lei Chen,Wei Li,Shengfeng Cui,Binfang Yuan
Recently, the application of novel nanomaterials, especially magnetic nanomaterials in the development of latent fingerprints (LFP), has become the hot focus for forensic scientists and criminal investigators. As a type of recyclable, environment-friendly material, Fe3O4 nanoparticles achieve a wonderful effect in visualization of LFP. We first report the synthesis and encapsulation of nano-Fe3O4 through “facile coprecipitation”, (3-mercaptopropyl)triethoxysilane was covalently embedded into Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and the Fe3O4 core was encapsulated by the nanosilver to prepare novel magnetic nanomaterials (P-MNP@Ag) with the core–shell configuration. For comparison, the magnetic nanomaterials (S-MNP@Ag) were prepared by surface modification. Their composition, structure, and properties were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, IR, XPS, and VSM. Compared with commercially available gold powder, silver powder, bare magnetic powder, and prepared S-MNP@Ag, the development effect of LFP on different objects by using P-MNP@Ag had better performance, which presented the advantages of low background interference, high sensitivity, and clear secondary details in LFP. In the crime scenes of some influential cases, P-MNP@Ag had been applied to the visualization of LFP. The biometric identification of criminal suspects was confirmed through fingerprint comparison, which was highly affirmed by the public security department.
研究领域:
材料科学
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纳米技术
·
法庭科学
·
分析化学
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DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9
Jiaming Li,Youjian Yang,Jiaxin Yang,Hongguang Kang,Zhaowen Wang
The rapid dissolution of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) in fluoride provides a possibility for the recycling of spent lithium battery cathode materials through molten salt electrolysis. In this article, the dissolution behavior and mechanism of LFP in cryolite based molten salts are studied in detail. The dissolution behavior of LFP in NaF-AlF 3 molten salt with a cryolite ratio (CR) of 1.8 was observed and recorded using a custom-made see-through cell. LFP has high solubility, and its tablets rapidly diffuse and dissolve in cryolite, causing the transparent molten salt to display an orange-yellow color indicative of Fe ions. The XRD results of the cooled molten salt indicate that LFP decomposes into AlPO 4 , LiNa 2 AlF 6 , and Fe 2 (PO 4 )F phases after dissolution in fluoride. Due to the instability of LFP, some ferrous elements are easily oxidized by oxygen, forming Li 3 Na 3 Fe 2 F 12 and Fe 2 O 3 . The complex ion cluster structure of LFP at high temperatures was investigated using high-temperature Raman spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Comparative analysis of high-temperature Raman spectra with the addition of LFP, Fe 2 O 3 , Li 3 PO 4 , and blank molten salt suggests that ion clusters containing Fe may include Fe 2 OF 4 , Fe 2 OF 8 4− , and Fe 2 O 2 F 3 − , while ion clusters containing P may include PO 2 F, PO 2 F 3 2− , POF 4 − , and POF 5 2− .
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Research and Technology-JMR&T
·
2026
·
IF 7.3
Xiangli Wen,Mingkun Bi,Lvzhou Li,Jianning Ding
SUS304 steel is widely employed as the core component material in battery slurry homogenization equipment. However, due to its insufficient hardness and poor resistance to plastic deformation, severe abrasive wear and oxidative corrosive wear tend to occur during the homogenization process, which further deteriorates the battery performance. In this work, targeting the special medium of battery slurry, three potential screw materials for application in battery slurry systems were selected: 40Cr alloy steel, 440C martensitic stainless steel, and GCr15 bearing steel. The friction behavior laws and wear resistance mechanisms of these materials in lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) slurries were systematically investigated using an atmosphere friction and wear tester. The results demonstrate that all three materials exhibit superior wear resistance compared to SUS304. Among them, the chromium-rich hard phase in 440C delivers excellent anti-wear properties, making it suitable for medium-to-high speed homogenization, especially with outstanding performance in LFP slurry. GCr15 possesses a uniform and stable phase structure composed of carbides and martensite, resulting in broader adaptability to various working conditions. It maintains an extremely low wear rate ( δ ) with minimal fluctuation in both slurries, and the reduction in δ exceeds 90% under high-speed and high-load conditions, revealing the optimal comprehensive performance. This work provides important theoretical basis and experimental support for material selection of key components in battery homogenization equipment, and is of positive significance for improving equipment reliability and ensuring the quality of battery slurry.
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DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Materials Technologies
·
2026
·
IF 6
Rong Sun,Peng Xiao,Lei Sun,Dongliang Guo,Ye Wang,Xinkai Xie,Jun Wu
The swelling force evolution in lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries serves as a critical indicator of internal mechanical changes, providing valuable insights into battery degradation and safety risks. However, conventional flexible pressure sensors face significant challenges in battery expansion monitoring, including limited pressure range, insufficient cycling durability, and poor compatibility with commercial battery designs. In this study, we fabricated a thin-film pressure sensor featuring orthogonal grid electrodes through screen-printing crisscrossed electrode arrays between dual-layer PET substrates. This grid-contact mechanism effectively extends the sensor's pressure detection range. The optimized sensor demonstrates an extended pressure range (0–2 MPa) and excellent cycling stability (>3000 cycles), meeting the stringent requirements for long-term battery monitoring. When attached to prismatic LFP battery cells, the sensor successfully captured dynamic swelling force variations during galvanostatic cycling at 0.3C, 0.5C, and 1.0C rates. Moreover, during overcharge-induced thermal runaway tests, the sensor accurately monitored the swelling force evolution, with peak forces exceeding 5000 N during the thermal runaway phase. This work not only proposes a novel methodology to expand the measurement range of printed thin-film sensors but also provides a scalable and cost-effective solution for battery health monitoring.
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DOI
高影响因子
RARE METALS
·
2023
·Vol. 43
·期 2
·562-574
·
IF 8.8
Chen Jia-Xin,Zhang Guo-Qiang,Qin Xian-Ying,Lin Kui,Yang Zi-Jin,Liang Ge-Meng,Xia Yue,Zhang Guo-Bin,Wu Hai-Kun,Cai Qiu-Chan,Lin Hai,Li Bao-Hua
Uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrite will lead to low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycle stability, which hinders the commercialization of lithium metal batteries. Herein, a novel modified lithium anode with reduced graphene oxide conductive network containing trace lithiophilic phosphorus (P-rGO/Cu) is prepared by electrospraying technique combined with heat treatment process. The rGO layer has a concave and undulating conductive structure, which can significantly improve the effective electrical contact between lithium metal and the current collector, speed up the kinetics of interfacial electron transport and reaction, and improve the resistance of the negative electrode to the internal stress caused by volume change of the lithium, which is advantageous for the stability of the SEI film. The extremely small and uniformly distributed red phosphorus element avoids the volume change caused by lithiation to the maximum extent. Lithiophilic two-phase compound Li 3 P obtained by alloying P with Li can directionally induce the homogeneous nucleation and dense deposition of lithium metal, address the issue of lithium dendrites and extend the cycle life of the batteries. The obtained P-rGO/Cu exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with an average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98% at a current density of 1 mA·cm −2 for 400 cycles, and the capacity retention rate of the full cell matched with lithium iron phosphate (LFP) is 83% after 400 cycles at 1C. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
储能
·
材料科学
·
电化学
·
纳米技术
·
表面工程
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DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）