Defence Technology
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2025
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IF 5.9
Wei Huang,Yaofeng Mao,Sijia Yu,Longjie Huang,Jie Chen,Cui Nie,Xingquan Zhang,Fude Nie,Jun Wang
The energy release of energetic composites is severely limited by the inert alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) layer on the surface of aluminum (Al). Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) could eliminate Al 2 O 3 layer due to its highly electronegativity and oxidability of fluorine. However, adding PTFE particles would weaken interfacial interactions resulted in poor mechanical properties and interfacial exothermic reaction. Herein, a bridging Al-PTFE as fuel and interfacial reinforcing agent was added and used to prepare LLM-105/Al-PTFE microspheres, achieving both high energy output and excellent mechanical properties. The energy release and combustion reaction performance of LLM-105/Al-PTFE microspheres are significantly improved due to high reaction heat and increased interfacial reaction area of Al-PTFE. The maximum pressure and pressurization rate of LLM-105/Al-PTFE microspheres are 164.06 kPa and 29.88 kPa/s, respectively, which are 40.11% and 16.67% higher than those of physical mixed samples. Furthermore, the tensile strength and compressive strength of LLM-105/Al-PTFE microspheres are 100.40% and 26.47% higher than those of LLM-105/Al. This work provides a new approach to improve the energy release and mechanical properties for energetic composite.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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含能材料
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复合材料
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机械工程
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DOI
高影响因子
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2016
·Vol. 408
·期 20
·5551-5556
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IF 3.125
He Yi,Cheng Yang
We report a simple, rapid, and sensitive assay for visual and spectrophotometric detection of the 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105) explosive. The assay is based on different interactions between LLM-105 and gold nanoparticle (AuNP) dispersions at two pH values, leading to the formation of dispersed or aggregated AuNPs. Two AuNP dispersions at two pH values were applied to recognize and detect LLM-105 instead of traditional AuNP dispersion under an aptotic pH to improve the anti-interference ability. The developed assay showed excellent sensitivity with a detection limit of 3 ng/mL, and the presence of as low as 0.2 μg/mL LLM-105 can be directly detected with the bare eye. This sensitivity is about six orders of magnitude higher than that of the reported traditional assays. Additionally, the assay exhibited good selectivity toward LLM-105 over other explosives, sulfur-containing compounds, and amines.
A simple, sensitive, and selective assay for LLM-105 was developed based on the pH-dependent interaction between the LLM-105 explosive and gold nanoparticle dispersion
研究领域:
分析化学
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纳米技术
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爆炸物检测
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Energetic Materials
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2022
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IF 2.421
Yi-Fan Zhang,Song Zhang,Le-Wu Zhan,Wan-Ying Tang,Jing Hou,Bin-Dong Li
Current methods, including ball milling and spray drying, are subject to some restrictions in application for preparing nano 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105), such as too large volume of dangerous goods, unstable temperature as well as discontinuous industrial production. In this study, continuous and safe preparation of nano-LLM-105 was achieved using microfluidic technology. Several influence factors had been studied on the particle size of LLM-105 including supersaturation, microreactor structure, solvent/non-solvent ratio, the total flow rate, reactor temperature, as well as the number of plates. Results showed that supersaturation of solution and structure of the microreactor played a critical role in the formation of nano-scale LLM-105. Further analysis on these nano-particles revealed its D50 was 124.95 nm with a spherical-like narrow shape through scanning electron microscopy and particle size distribution curve. X-ray diffraction results show that the crystal structure of nano-LLM-105 has not changed, and the differential scanning calorimeter test results show that nano-LLM-105 still maintains good thermal stability compared to raw-LLM-105. In short, this protocol provides a new route for continuous and safe preparation of nano-level LLM-105, which could be potentially applied to other nano-energetic materials, such as HMX and CL-20.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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纳米技术
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炸药
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
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2021
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IF 6.165
Jianhui Jia,Jianbo Chen,Huan Ding,Xianggui Xue,Shichun Li,Jichun Huang,Yu Liu
N- oxide based explosives display better explosive performances than traditional explosives, because of the introduction of N- oxide group with strong hydrogen bonding (H-bonding). However, the strong H-bonding results in poor dissolution of N- oxide based explosives, and thus poses a significant challenge for their potential applications. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a new generation of green solvents, display promising dissolution toward strong H-bonding materials in recent years. In this study, 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105) was used as a prototype of N- oxide based explosives to study the dissolution in DESs. The dissolution conditions for LLM-105 were optimized by using different types of DESs. The DES-3 - 2 based on choline chloride and urea displayed higher dissolving capacity with 0.52 g/100 g at 80 °C, which was determined by traditionally gravimetric method. Further, the dissolution process of LLM-105 in DES-3 - 2 under different temperatures was investigated by comprehensive analysis including ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, high-resolution mass spectrum and theoretical calculations. The dissolution of LLM-105 under ≤80 °C was demonstrated to be real dissolution referring to the formation of Zundel-type complex and Meisenheimer complex between DES-3 - 2 and LLM-105. Abnormally high solubility of LLM-105 at >80 °C was attributed to the self-collapse of its H-bonding network by losing a nitro group and an oxygen of N- oxide group.
研究领域:
化学
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
Crystals
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 11
·1587
·
IF 2.7
Yiyi Xiao,Hui Huang,Jinkun Guo,Mi Yan,Liyuan Wei,Yu Liu,Shiliang Huang,Rufang Peng,Bo Jin
Energetic complexes represent a crucial research direction for the design and synthesis of novel energetic materials. In this work, 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105), a significant explosive compound with exceptional comprehensive properties, was selected as the ligand for coordinating with various metal ions. Four novel energetic complexes, Ni(C4H3N6O5)2·DMF (1), Co(C4H3N6O5)2·2DMF (2), Mn(C4H3N6O5)3·3/2DMF (3), and Cu3(C4H2N6O5)3·3DMF (4) were successfully synthesized, and their crystal structures were identified by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The structural analyses illustrated that LLM-105 can form either a mononuclear metal complex after the deprotonation of one amino group or a trinuclear metal complex after the deprotonation of two amino groups. Compound1exhibits a planar quadrilateral geometry, while both compounds2and3display distorted octahedral configurations. Compound4has three metal centers and exhibits two coordination configurations of distorted tetragonal pyramid geometry and planar quadrilateral geometry. The detonation performances of compounds1–4were also theoretically calculated, revealing their favorable explosive properties. These findings emphasize the diverse coordination modes of LLM-105 and the structural variability and adjustability of its complexes, offering valuable insights for regulating both the structure and performance of the LLM-105 complex as well as researching its deprotonation.Keywords:energetic complexes;LLM-105 ligand;single-crystal structure;coordination modes
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高影响因子
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