JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
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2021
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IF 3.178
Rui-Zhi Cui,Yong-Ming Zhang,Ya-Ping Dong,Wu Li
In this paper, the solubility of unreported systems LiBr–NaBr–Li 2 SO 4 –Na 2 SO 4 –H 2 O, LiBr–KBr–Li 2 SO 4 –K 2 SO 4 –H 2 O and the subsystem LiBr–Li 2 SO 4 –H 2 O was measured by isothermal dissolution method at 298.15 K. Three phase diagrams are also given. It was found that the diagram of LiBr–Li 2 SO 4 –H 2 O system has only one invariant point of LiBr·2H 2 O + Li 2 SO 4 ·H 2 O. The phase diagram of LiBr–NaBr–Li 2 SO 4 –Na 2 SO 4 –H 2 O system includes eight crystallization regions LiBr·2H 2 O, Li 2 SO 4 ·H 2 O, NaBr·2H 2 O, NaBr, Na 2 SO 4 ·10H 2 O, Na 2 SO 4 , Li 2 SO 4 ·3Na 2 SO 4 ·12H 2 O, and Li 2 SO 4 ·Na 2 SO 4 . Five crystallization regions corresponded to two single salts KBr and K 2 SO 4 , two hydrate salts Li 2 SO 4 ·H 2 O and LiBr·2H 2 O, and one double salt Li 2 SO 4 ·K 2 SO 4 in LiBr–KBr–Li 2 SO 4 –K 2 SO 4 –H 2 O system. The relevant Pitzer parameter was obtained and the result predicted by Pitzer model was consistent with the experimental values.
研究领域:
化学
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物理化学
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2016
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IF 5.31
Shangqing Lu,Sufang Wu
Li 2 SO 4 doped nano CaO (Li 2 SO 4 @nano CaO) based CO 2 adsorbent has been developed to improve calcination–carbonation durability. Li 2 SO 4 @nano CaO adsorbent was obtained by calcination of Li 2 SO 4 doped nano CaCO 3 that was prepared by a simple wet solution impregnation method. The morphology and microstructural properties of the adsorbent were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen physisorption tests, and its cyclic calcination–carbonation performance was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that Li 2 SO 4 @nano CaO adsorbent maintains a 51.0% CaO conversion after 11 cycles under the calcination temperature of 750 °C and carbonation temperature of 600 °C with an optimized Li 2 SO 4 content of 3.0–5.0 wt.%. Alternatively, pure nano CaO maintains only a 27.3% conversion at the same conditions. A physical property analysis reveals that the superior performance of Li 2 SO 4 @nano CaO adsorbent is attributed to the pore diameter enlargement and to the increase of macro-pore proportion due to Li 2 SO 4 incorporation. Moreover, the carbonation and calcination rates of Li 2 SO 4 @nano CaO adsorbent are accelerated compared with nano CaO adsorbent, and the complete decomposition temperature is at least 15 °C lower. In comparison with the adsorbent doped with other lithium salts (Li 2 CO 3 and LiCl), Li 2 SO 4 @nano CaO adsorbent possesses the best durability under equivalent doping conditions. Furthermore, the positive linear correlation between the complete decomposition temperature and CaO conversion has been maintained.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2018
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IF 5.116
Jianbo Jiang,Beibei Liu,Guiyu Liu,Dong Qian,Chunming Yang,Junhua Li
In this work, highly soluble LiNO 3 was adopted as the neutrally aqueous electrolyte for active carbon (AC)-based electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), of which the electrochemical performances were evaluated. Simultaneously, the physicochemical properties such as the ionic conductivity and viscosity of the LiNO 3 aqueous solution were investigated. As compared with the most studied Li 2 SO 4 aqueous solution, the LiNO 3 aqueous solution displays more favorable physicochemical properties and electrochemical performances as the neutral electrolytes for EDLCs. To be specific, the conductivity of the 5.0 M LiNO 3 aqueous solution can reach up to 154.8 mS cm −1 at 25 °C, which is nearly two times of the maximum conductivity of 77.6 mS cm −1 for the 2.0 M Li 2 SO 4 aqueous solution under the identical testing conditions. Even at a concentration as high as 9.0 M, the absolute viscosity of the LiNO 3 aqueous solution is only 2.4, while that of the Li 2 SO 4 aqueous solution achieves 3.0 at the maximum concentration of 2.5 M. Additionally, 5.0 M LiNO 3 aqueous solution exhibits a wide electrochemical potential stability window from −0.9 to 0.9 V (vs. SCE) at the AC electrode, giving rise to an operating cell voltage of 1.8 V, which is comparable to that of 2.0 M Li 2 SO 4 aqueous solution. Further, with the 5.0 M LiNO 3 aqueous solution as the electrolyte, the as-fabricated EDLC delivers an energy density up to 21.16 Wh Kg −1 at a power density of 100.09 W kg −1 , which is higher than 18.43 Wh Kg −1 for the EDLC with the 2.0 M Li 2 SO 4 aqueous electrolyte at the identical power density. Even though the power density reaches as high as 5970 W kg −1 , the energy density of the EDLC with the 5.0 M LiNO 3 aqueous electrolyte can still remain at 13.1 Wh Kg −1 , substantially higher than 8.71 Wh Kg −1 of the EDLC with the 2.0 M Li 2 SO 4 aqueous electrolyte at the same power density. Moreover, the EDLC with the 5.0 M LiNO 3 aqueous electrolyte also holds good cyclic stability. After 10000 charge–discharge cycles at a current density of 1 A g −1 and a cut-off voltage of 1.8 V, the capacity retention of this EDLC retains more than 90%. These results can render an insight to explore safe, eco-friendly, inexpensive and neutrally aqueous electrolytes for supercapacitors .
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
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2019
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IF 2.298
Rui-Zhi Cui,Wu Li,Ya-Ping Dong
The phase equilibria relationship between the quaternary system LiCl–KCl–Li2SO4–K2SO4–H2O and its subsystems LiCl–KCl–H2O and LiCl–Li2SO4–H2O was studied by the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method at 288.15 K, and the corresponding phase diagrams were drawn. At 288.15 K, ternary systems LiCl–KCl–H2O and LiCl–Li2SO4–H2O all belong to the simple type. In the phase diagram of the quaternary system LiCl–KCl–Li2SO4–K2SO4–H2O, there are five equilibrium solid phase crystallization fields: LiCl·2H2O, KCl, Li2SO4·H2O, K2SO4, and Li2SO4·K2SO4. Compared with the multitemperature phase diagrams of this system at 288.15–348.15 K, it was found that the basic configuration of the phase diagrams is the same. As the temperature increased, the phase region of double salt Li2SO4·K2SO4 clearly increased, whereas the phase region of single salt KCl and K2SO4 clearly decreased. On the basis of the experiment, the extended Harvie–Weare model of the Pitzer model was used to predict the solubility data of the quaternary system. The simulated and measured values were basically in good agreement.
研究领域:
化学热力学
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无机化学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
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2022
·
IF 3.269
Fei Yuan,Hua Li,Long Li,Shiqiang Wang,Yafei Guo,Tianlong Deng
In this study, densities of the two ternary aqueous solution systems (LiB 5 O 8 + LiCl + H 2 O) and (LiB 5 O 8 + Li 2 SO 4 + H 2 O) were measured using an accurate digital vibrating-tube densimeter from 283.15 to 363.15 K at an interval of 5 K and 101.325 kPa. B 5 O 8 - in aqueous solution was in the form of [B 5 O 6 (OH) 4 ] - . Therefore, the complex aqueous solution of LiB 5 O 8 is in the form of Li[B 5 O 6 (OH) 4 ]. Subsequently, the mean apparent molar volume ( V Φ θ ) and mixing ion-interaction parameters ( θ a , a ′ v and Ψ c , a , a ′ v , c = Li + , a = B 5 O 6 (OH) 4 - , a ′ = Cl - or SO 4 2- ) against temperature were obtained using the Pitzer equation for the first time. And then, the temperature-dependence equations for the Pitzer mixing ion-interaction parameters and the relevant temperature correlation coefficients of the equation a j, i.e. [ f ( a i , T ) = a 1 + a 2 ln( T /298.15) + a 3 ( T − 298.15) + a 4 /(620 − T ) + a 5 /( T − 227)] were also obtained through the least square fitting. These volumetric properties and parameterization Pitzer parameters obtained in this work could hopefully be used for the quantitatively predictive calculation of the physicochemical properties of the mixed electrolytes containing lithium, chloride, and sulfate ions at any temperature.
研究领域:
物理化学
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热力学
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溶液化学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
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2023
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IF 2.6
Yanfei Fan,Ziyu Zhuang,Dandan Gao,Dongdong Li,Dewen Zeng
Solid–liquid phase equilibrium data of the Li2SO4 + Rb2SO4 + H2O and Li2SO4 + Cs2SO4 + H2O systems are of importance for the design of alkali metal element extraction processes from sulfate leaching solution of lepidolite. Considering the serious inconsistency of the reported solid phases, especially double salts and solid solutions, phase diagrams of the two systems were reinvestigated experimentally. The results on the Li2SO4 + Rb2SO4 + H2O system at 298.15 K show five solids, i.e., Rb2SO4, Rb2SO4·Li2SO4, Rb2SO4·3Li2SO4·2H2O, Rb2SO4·5Li2SO4·4H2O, and a solid solution with the end members Rb2SO4·5Li2SO4·4H2O and Li2SO4·H2O. For the Li2SO4 + Cs2SO4 + H2O system at 298.15 K, the results also show five solids, i.e., Cs2SO4, Cs2SO4·Li2SO4, Cs2SO4·3Li2SO4·2H2O, Cs2SO4·5Li2SO4·4H2O, and Li2SO4·H2O, while there is no solid solution phase with the end members Cs2SO4·5Li2SO4·4H2O and Li2SO4·H2O. Moreover, the single crystal structures of Rb2SO4·3Li2SO4·2H2O and Cs2SO4·3Li2SO4·2H2O were determined.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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2025
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IF 7.2
Ming Zhou
LiFePO 4 battery is one of the three mainstream cathode materials for Lithium-ion batteries, with a market share of approximately 60%. With the rapid development of electric vehicles, plenty of spent LiFePO 4 batteries will inevitably accumulate, causing a waste of resources and environmental problems. Thus, spent LiFePO 4 recycling has become increasingly important. During the recovery process, mixing spent LiFePO 4 black powder and H 2 SO 4 resulted in a leaching solution containing complex compositions, such as Li, Fe, P, Co, Ni, Cu, Mg, Mn, and Al. The P and Fe elements are recovered through the FePO 4 precipitation. After solid-liquid separation, 5-6 g/L of Li and other accompanying impurities are retained in the mother liquor. The Li-bearing solution above is purified using the two-step precipitation method. Then, battery grade LiOH·H 2 O is successfully synthesized by using the Li 2 SO 4 causticizing process. The effects of operating parameters, including reaction temperature, excess coefficient of NaOH, Li concentration, and reaction time are investigated in detail. Under the optimal conditions, 96.18% of the Li in the initial concentrated Li 2 SO 4 solution is converted to LiOH solution by the reaction (Li 2 SO 4 + 2NaOH + 10H 2 O → 2LiOH + Na 2 SO 4 ·10H 2 O). Meanwhile, the Li content in Na 2 SO 4 ·10H 2 O can be controlled at around 0.2%, and the Li recovery rate for the process of Na 2 SO 4 by-product prepared by Na 2 SO 4 ·10H 2 O is as high as 98.30%. This study is expected to provide valuable insights into the high value-added recovery of Li from spent LIBs.
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高影响因子
Processes
·
2022
·Vol. 10
·期 5
·823
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IF 3.352
Bin Li,Xinjun Jing,Junsheng Yuan
The phase equilibria of the reciprocal quaternary system LiBr-Li2SO4-KBr-K2SO4-H2O and its ternary sub-systems LiBr-Li2SO4-H2O and KBr-K2SO4-H2O at 308.15 K were studied using the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method. Then, the solubility data of the equilibrium solutions were collected, and the phase diagrams were plotted. The phase diagrams of the ternary sub-systems at 308.15 K were compared with those at other temperatures. This study found that the phase diagram of the LiBr-Li2SO4-H2O system at 308.15 K consisted of an invariant point, two solid-phase crystallization regions of Li2SO4·H2O and LiBr·2H2O, and their corresponding solubility curves. The system generated two hydrated salts, which belonged to the hydrate type I phase diagram. The phase diagram of the KBr-K2SO4-H2O system at 308.15 K consisted of an invariant point, two univariant solubility curves, and two solid-phase crystallization regions of KBr and K2SO4, and no solid solution and double salts were formed. Thus, it belonged to a simple co-saturation type phase diagram. In the LiBr-Li2SO4-KBr-K2SO4-H2O system, K2SO4·Li2SO4double salt formed at 308.15 K, and the phase diagram consisted of three invariant points, five crystallization regions, and seven univariant solubility curves.Keywords:lithium bromide;potassium bromide;lithium sulfate;potassium sulfate;phase equilibrium
研究领域:
化学
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材料科学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
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2025
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IF 2.1
Hongyu Qi,Jiaxin Han,Lin Xing,Jia Xu,Yushan Liu,Xun Wang,Tao Zhang,Yong Ma,Lingzong Meng
The phase equilibrium of the quinary system LiCl–Li2SO4–LiBO2–Li2B4O7–H2O at 323.15 K was studied with an isothermal dissolution method. The dry-salt phase diagram of the quinary system consists of one invariant point saturated with LiCl·H2O, Li2B4O7·3H2O, and LiBO2·2H2O, three univariant curves, and three crystallization regions saturated with Li2SO4·H2O corresponding to LiCl·H2O, Li2B4O7·3H2O, and LiBO2·2H2O. The J(H2O), J(Li2SO4), refractive index, and pH value change gradually with the changing concentration. Combining the equilibrium constants for boron-containing species, the pH values, and concentration of total boron, the boron-containing species distributions in the mixed solution in the system were calculated. The concentrations of B3O3(OH)52– and B5O6(OH)4– are very low and can be neglected. The boron-containing species distributions are mainly affected by m(LiCl) in the solution but less by m(Li2SO4). The results of the phase diagram and boron-containing species distribution in the quinary system can provide fundamental thermodynamic data for the extraction of lithium borate from brines.
研究领域:
物理化学
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化学热力学
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无机化学
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溶液化学
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
International Journal of Electrochemical Science
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2023
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IF 1.5
J. Ping,S. Rauf,S.Y. Huang,W.S. Li,S.H. Liang,R.L. Wang,Q.A. Huang,V.V. Morchenkov,C.P. Yang
The electrochemical behavior of activated carbon (AC) has been studied in the presence of air at negative potentials in 0.5M Li 2 SO 4 aqueous electrolyte applying the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The AC electrodes of low mass loading are disposed and found with distorted LSV curves at constant scan rate, rather than formation of symmetric rectangular shape. Such unusual phenomenon for AC in the electrolyte exposed to air alternatively can be reflected by the discharge capacity of 145 mAh/g with a pretty high coulombic efficiency (332%) obtained in the galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) test. Meanwhile, the variation in current with scan rate at fixed potentials corresponds to the remarkable deviation of exponent in the power-law equation from the value 1. The oxidative effect of O 2 and H 2 O is investigated to explain the abnormal electrochemical behavior of AC. In the vessel with N2 flow, AC turns to exhibit recognizable capacitive behavior without considering residual dissolved oxygen in the electrolyte. The self-discharging of AC from 0V to around -0.2V without any external bias is observed in the electrolyte of low level of dissolved oxygen. The above results show the improved electrochemical stability of AC in the absence of air, providing information of value based on application for aqueous lithium-ion hybrid supercapacitors using AC anode.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
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2024
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IF 2
Yang-Dian-Dian Wang,Shi-Hua Sang,Han-Zhong Zhang,Ling-Xuan Wang
The solid–liquid phase equilibria of the ternary system LiBr–Li2SO4–H2O at 273.15, 288.15, and 308.15 K were investigated by the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method. The equilibrium solid phases were identified by X-ray powder crystal diffraction. The isothermal phase diagrams of the ternary system at different temperatures were drawn in detail. The equilibrium phase diagrams of the ternary system at 273.15, 288.15, and 308.15 K have one invariant point, two univariate curves, and two crystallization fields (corresponding to LiBr·2H2O and Li2SO4·H2O), respectively. The results show that LiBr has a strong salting-out effect on Li2SO4, and the solubilities of LiBr will be greatly improved with an increase in temperature. Furthermore, multiple linear regression and programming analysis are used to fit the single salt parameters (β(0), β(1), and Cφ) and the mixed ion interaction parameters (ψLi+,Br–,SO42–) of lithium salt at 288.15 and 308.15 K. The Pitzer model and particle swarm optimization (PSO) were used to predict the solubilities in the ternary system at multitemperatures, and the phase diagrams of calculation and experiment are drawn accordingly. The experimental results and model predictions are in good agreement, indicating that fitted ion interaction parameters in this work of the Pitzer model have good applicability.
研究领域:
化学热力学
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材料科学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
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2020
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IF 5.065
Rui-Zhi Cui
The experimental solubility of LiCl–Li 2 SO 4 –MgCl 2 –MgSO 4 –H 2 O and KCl–K 2 SO 4 –MgCl 2 –MgSO 4 –H 2 O systems was measured at 288.15 K. The corresponding stable phase diagrams and water content diagrams were plotted by experimental results. Double salt was formed in both two systems. There are six phase fields, nine univariant solution curves and four invariant points in the phase diagram of LiCl–Li 2 SO 4 –MgCl 2 –MgSO 4 –H 2 O system. And the diagram of another system has seven invariant points and eight crystallization regions. By using multiple linear regression method, parameter Ψ Li,Cl,SO4 and the solubility equilibrium constants of double salt KCl·MgSO 4 ·3H 2 O were obtained by solubility data fitting at 288.15 K. The equilibrium solubility of salts in above systems at the same temperature was predicted with Pitzer's electrolyte solution model and mathematical calculation software. The results indicate that the predicted data are in correspondence with experiments.
研究领域:
化学
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）