JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2025
·Vol. 172
·期 3
·032506
·
IF 3.3
Wenqiang Li,Aimin Liu,Yanying Jiang,Chengdan He,Fengguo Liu,Yongjun Wang,Xianwei Hu,Jin Wang,Zhongning Shi
Silicate minerals on S-type asteroids are a potential resource for in situ production of silicon. We investigated the feasibility of synthesizing silicon from Mg2Si3O8 through electrolysis in NaF-LiF molten salt. Solubility of Mg2Si3O8 in NaF-LiF molten salt was determined using isothermal saturation. Dissolution equilibrium is reached after 120 min, and the solubility of Mg2Si3O8 in NaF-LiF molten salt at 750 °C is 28.9%. Electrochemical studies revealed that the reduction of Si(IV) in NaF-LiF molten salt is a two-step process. Si(IV) was reduced to Si(II) at −1.1 V (vs Pt), and Si(II) was further reduced to metallic silicon at −1.2 V (vs Pt). Electrolysis of Mg2Si3O8 in NaF-LiF molten salt was conducted at 750 °C using a high-purity graphite sheet as anode and a silver sheet as cathode. Electrolysis products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). XRD indicated that the main phase of the electrolysis products was silicon when cell voltages were 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 V. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of crystal silicon. SEM and EDS revealed that the electrolysis products exhibit granular morphology, and silicon concentration reached a maximum value of 98.14% when the cell voltage was 2.5 V.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
天体资源开发
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2018
·Vol. 29
·期 23
·20247-20252
·
IF 2.324
Zhang Yun,Ding Shihua,Song Tianxiu,Huang Long,Zhang Xiaoyun
Rutile-structured CoTiNb 2 O 8 ceramics were synthesized via traditional solid-state route. The effects of LiF addition on their sintering behavior, phase composition, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties were investigated systematically in this study. The sintering temperature was successfully lowered to 950 °C by a small amount (1 wt%) of sintering aid. XRD and EDS results indicated that chemical reaction between LiF and host ceramic took place during sintering process. And CoTiNb 2 O 8 with Li 0.8 Co 0.2 Nb 0.96 O 3 second phase coexisted in the entire composition range. The addition of LiF to the CoTiNb 2 O 8 ceramics induced a limited degradation in microwave dielectric properties. The ε r and Q × f values of the low-fired CoTiNb 2 O 8 ceramics ranged from 39.4 to 53.9 and 17,580 GHz to 20,147 GHz, respectively. While the τ f decreased in negative values with increasing LiF content. When sintered at 950 °C, the CoTiNb 2 O 8 ceramic doped with 1 wt% LiF had excellent microwave dielectric properties: ε r = 53.9, Q × f = 20,147 GHz, and τ f = 77.2 ppm/°C, making them promising for LTCC applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Energy Storage Materials
·
2025
·
IF 20.2
Yongsheng Ji,Dan Yang,Yan Li,Maxim Avdeev,Wang Hay Kan,Mengyi Liao,Zhenyan Zhang,Weichen Du,Xinpeng Pi,Chaofan Liang,Zhou Fang,Xiaoqun Qi,Lan Xue,Renyuan Zhang,Long Qie,Yunhui Huang
The proliferation of lithium-ion batteries results in a substantial accumulation of spent batteries. Traditional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes require significant energy inputs, involve the use of hazardous chemicals, and generate large amounts of pollutants, making them inefficient for the economic or environmental recycling of spent batteries. For the spent lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) cathodes, which lose electrochemical activity due to the structural damage, we demonstrated that LiF could serve as both a crack/defect healer to repair the damaged structure and a structural stabilizer to consolidate the electrode/electrolyte interface and the reversibility of phase transitions. The density functional theory calculations revealed the presence of F atoms in the U-LCO crystal leads to a widened energy separation between the Co 3d and O 2p orbitals, such an alteration effectively suppresses the activity of lattice oxygen and stabilizes the structure of U-LCO. The as-upcycled LCO cathode demonstrates significantly improved stability with an impressive capacity retention of 81.6% after 260 cycles, surpassing those of the pristine LCO (62.3%) and normally regenerated LCO (35.6%). Moreover, the recycling process only involves a solid sintering procedure, leading to a reduced carbon footprint by 73.1% and 64.1%, and increased benefits by 62.2% and 47.7%, as compared with the pyro and hydro methods, respectively. The as-proposed upcycling strategy provides a practical and efficient solution for the closed-loop development of LCO batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2021
·
IF 5.302
Bing Liu,Ke Sha,Ying Qiang Jia,Yu Hui Huang,Cheng Chao Hu,Lei Li,Da Wei Wang,Di Zhou,Kai Xin Song
Cold sintering is adopted to pre-densify LiF ceramics, where the relative density increases significantly from 72.1 % at 125 MPa to 88.9 % at 500 MPa. The following post-annealings at 800 °C lead to further optimizations of densification, and near-full densifications with relative densities of 95.6 % and 97.6 % are achieved at 375 and 500 MPa, respectively. Qf value increased with increasing uniaxial pressure until it reaches the maximum value of 134,050 GHz at 375 MPa, which is 1.82 times higher than that via conventional sintering (73,800 GHz). ε r and τ f are mainly determined by the relative density, and the optimum microwave dielectric properties are obtained as follows: ε r = 8.45, Qf = 134,050 GHz, τ f =–135 ppm/°C. A microstrip patch antenna is designed and fabricated using the LiF ceramic as the substrate, which gives an S11 of –20.3 dB, a simulated high efficiency of 90.5 %, and a gain of 4.25 dB at the resonant frequency of 6.81 GHz.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2016
·
IF 3.014
Tian Zhang,Limei Pan,Huan Tang,Fei Du,Yanhua Guo,Tai Qiu,Jian Yang
Herein, enhanced exfoliation and large-scale delamination of two-dimensional (2D) Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene using etchant of HCl + LiF, instead of HF, in which both etching and intercalation were achieved in exfoliation process, were thoroughly investigated with the focus on the effects of two critical factors, reaction temperature and washing solution. Increasing etching temperature promotes the exfoliation process, i.e., the transformation from Ti 3 AlC 2 to multilayer Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene, whereas simultaneously results in an aggravated surface oxidation of MXene layers formed after the extraction of Al. As a result, delamination ratio increases firstly and then decreases, and the samples etched at 35 °C show the highest delamination ratio. Compared with the distilled water, washing the exfoliation products using ethanol significantly improves the delamination ratio of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene by co-intercalation of larger alcohol molecule and more impurity ions and a large scale delamination of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene with a delamination ratio as high as 29.2% was obtained by simple sonication for 1 h, without additional intercalation step required, after washing using ethanol. The possible exfoliation reactions by HCl + LiF solution were proposed. Using the as-fabricated stable suspensions of delaminated Ti 3 C 2 T x flakes, flexible, free-standing Ti 3 C 2 T x papers with tailored thickness, hydrophilic surface and excellent conductivity, typically 2 × 10 5 S/m at 5 μm in thickness, were prepared. As anode for lithium ion batteries , the delaminated Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene obtained reversible capacities of 226.3 mAh g −1 , 137.9 mAh g −1 ,102.0 mAh g −1 and 47.9 mAh g −1 respectively at the current density of 100, 300, 1000 and 3000 mA g −1 , which are superior to those of the Ti 3 C 2 MXene prepared by conventional HF process.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源存储
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RARE METALS
·
2023
·Vol. 42
·期 12
·4081-4090
·
IF 8.8
Tan Lei,Chen Peng,Chen Qiao-Yun,Huang Xing,Zou Kang-Yu,Nie Yan-Mei,Li Ling-Jun
Lithium metal anode is considered the alternative to graphite anode due to its ultra-high theoretical capacity of 3860 mAh·g −1 . However, serious Li dendrite growth and drastic electrolyte side reactions restrain the commercial application of Li metal anode. In this work, a Li 3 Bi/LiF interfacial layer is constructed on the surface of the Li metal anode by a spontaneous substitution reaction. The composite interfacial layer possesses excellent ionic conductivity, high mechanical strength, and great electrolyte wettability, which ensures fast Li-ion transfer and uniform Li deposition of the Li 3 Bi/LiF@Li anode. Impressively, the Li 3 Bi/LiF@Li symmetric cell provides a cycle life of more than 400 h with only 73 mV voltage polarization at 10 mA·cm −2 . By pairing with commercial NCM622 cathode, the Li 3 Bi/LiF@Li full cell exhibits a long cycle at a rate of 2 C. Graphical Abstract
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Processes
·
2025
·Vol. 13
·期 5
·1478
·
IF 2.8
Chao Liang,Nengwu Zhu,Fei Li,Pengfei Zhang,Pingxiao Wu,Yaxi Hu
LiFePO4(LFP) batteries are among the earliest commercialized and most discarded lithium-ion batteries. Although existing recovery technologies focus on the conversion of LiFePO4to Li2CO3, challenges associated with achieving near-full recovery and high-value products remain. This study proposes a strategy for the conversion of spent LiFePO4to LiF by mechanical chlorination coupled with a fluorination reaction. The optimum conditions were determined to be a ball-to-powder ratio (BPR) = 15, NH4Cl:LFP = 3, H2O2= 2.0 mL, rotation speed = 600 rpm, and grinding time = 12 h. Results showed that 97.14% Li was converted into LiCl by H2O2–NH4Cl mechanical chlorination. When chlorinated intermediates were immersed in water, FePO4could be harvested, and 96.79% Li could be recovered as LiF with a purity of 99.50% after adding NH4F. When Cl-functionalized renewable resin was used to exchange 99.89% F−, 0.63 g NH4Cl per litre of LiF conversion residual liquid was derived. The favourable results were attributed to the1O2generated by H2O2, which had a strong electron affinity to break Li–O bonds and provided superior conditions for the combination of Li and Cl. During fluorination, the formation of LiF reduced the ion concentration, and the entropy decreased, contributing to the spontaneous reaction. Therefore, the proposed method paves the way for near-full recovery and high-value products of spent LiFePO4.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.1
Xinwen Liu,Bingchu Mei,Guolong Tan
Transparent hexagonal 2 at.% Yb:Sr 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F ( S -FAP) ceramics were effectively fabricated by hot pressing the coprecipitated powder employing LiF as the sintering additive. The effects of LiF doping levels (0–0.5 wt%) and sintering temperature (820–940 °C) on microstructural development and optical characteristics of samples were examined. The results showed that the addition of LiF and the evaluated sintering temperature accelerated the grain development and densification process of Yb:S-FAP ceramics. Also, the full densification process of low-doped LiF ceramic samples was found to be strongly dependent on the reduced sintering temperature. For the Yb:S-FAP transparent ceramic sintered at the lowest temperature of 850 °C than previously reported with 0.1 wt% LiF, which have an optical in-line transmittance of 59.7% and 79.66% at 500 and 1100 nm respectively. The corresponding scattering sources of ceramic samples were analyzed by the surface SEM of different magnification at different LiF doping concentrations, and residual LiF, residual porosity, and grain boundary scattering were considered to be the main scattering sources. The spectral results showed that the LiF-doped Yb:S-FAP transparent ceramics had a wide absorption peak at 975 nm with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 15 nm and possessed a fluorescence lifetime of 1.12 ms.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS
·
2017
·Vol. 58
·期 3
·395-399
·
IF 0.713
Xiaolong Liu,Chao Huang,Bing Li
In this paper, the cyclic voltammetry was applied to investigate the electrochemical reduction processes of Nd(III) ions in NdF3-LiF melts with or without excessive metal Nd. Equilibrium experiments were carried out in NdF3-LiF melts with excessive spheric metal Nd to investigate the relationship between the NdF3:LiF mass ratio and NdF2 concentration. Electrolysis experiments were performed in NdF3-LiF-Nd2O3 melts with different NdF3:LiF mass ratios to explore the relationship between the NdF2 concentration and the current efficiency.The results indicated that Nd(III) ions in the melts were reduced in two steps, i.e., Nd(III)→Nd(II) and Nd(II)→Nd(0). NdF2 could be formed by the comproportionation reaction between Nd(III) and Nd(0) and could stably exist in NdF3-LiF melts containing metal Nd(0). NdF2 mass concentration in the melts decreased from 45.5% to 36.4% with the increase of NdF3-LiF mass ratio from 7:3 to 9:1 in NdF3-LiF melts containing excessive spheric metal Nd, which resulted in a higher current efficiency during the electrolysis. And the highest current efficiency of about 50% for Nd extraction has been obtained by electrolysis in NdF3-LiF (9:1 mass ratio) melts with Nd2O3 (2%, mass concentration) at 1423 K.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Energy Storage Materials
·
2022
·
IF 20.831
Pengfeng Jiang,Jiaqi Cao,Bin Wei,Guoyu Qian,Shaofei Wang,Yuansheng Shi,Guangyuan Du,Xueyi Lu,Chuying Ouyang,Fahe Cao,Xia Lu
The interface compatibility lies in the heart of present investigations on solid-state batteries, now facing significant challenges in practical use. The non-coherent interface structure with the underlying complex electrochemical processes evolves dynamically to pregnant the unfriend seeds to degrade the battery performance. Therefore, interface engineering (or control) in solid-state batteries gives birth to a new theme as ‘the interface is equal to the battery’. In this context, a facile but robust technique is proposed here by smoothing the Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 P 3 O 12 (LAGP) ceramic pellet with a mirror-like surface, which is found operational in running a solid battery in unprecedentedly a thousand cycles with capacity retention of 80% at 0.5C, 50 °C. Such an unconventional operation is, as a matter of fact, largely decreasing the physically interface contact but proved powerful in guiding the Li-ion homogeneous deposition. Moreover, the self-generated LiF involved interphase layer works efficiently to dynamically balance structural and electrochemical stabilities, where the LiF is introduced by the in-situ polymerization of tiny liquid electrolytes. Hence, the profound results draw the incompatible interface issues forth to the component adjustment of interphases, namely in search for rational descriptions to connect the solid-state electrolyte and electrodes, which probably holds the key to unlocking the high energy density solid-state batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.1
Guo Tian,Zhicong Chen,Linzhao Ma,Qianbiao Du,Longxiang Jiang,Hongzhi Xiao,Hao Li
Li 5 Mg 4 NbTiO 11 - x wt% LiF microwave dielectric ceramics were successfully developed using the solid state way. The phase structure, microstructure, Raman vibration, and microwave dielectric properties of LiF doped Li 5 Mg 4 NbTiO 11 ceramics were studied. The researches show that LiF doping can effectively decrease the sintering temperature of Li 5 Mg 4 NbTiO 11 ceramic. At x = 6, the ceramic sintered at 860 °C show the best performance ( ε r = 15.56, Q × f = 89,713 GHz, and τ f = −40.48 ppm/°C) and is chemically compatible with Ag electrodes. In addition, a dual-frequency dielectric resonant antenna based on 6 wt% LiF-doped ceramics was designed, which has high gain (2.94 and 6.90 dBi) and efficiency (75.5 and 95.6 %) around the resonant frequency (2.4 and 6 GHz). The comprehensive results show that this material is not only a promising LTCC material, but also a viable candidate material for 5/6G applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.1
Bojie Ding,Xinhao Cai,Shenglin Ma,Ruiting Liang,Imran Khan,Jianbei Qiu,Yue Liu,Anjun Huang,Zhiguo Song,Yangke Cun,Cherkasova Tatiana,Zhengwen Yang
Cesium lead halide perovskite (CsPbX 3 ) quantum dots (QDs) are recognized as viable substitutes for conventional fluorescent powder color converters, which can improve the color gamut and reproducibility of liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Encapsulating QDs in glass can effectively solve the water oxygen stability of QDs, but the glass matrix impedes the nucleation of QDs and the precipitation of QDs requires secondary heating. In our research, we successfully accomplished the self-crystallization of CsPbBr 3 QDs facilitated by LiF within a B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -ZnO borosilicate glass matrix. The results indicate that the self crystallization of CsPbBr 3 QDs induced by LiF in borosilicate glass matrix has a synergistic effect. The Li + ions can break the glass network structure and facilitate ionic migration and transport, while F − ions have good electronegativity due to ion aggregation, and can strongly attract Cs + and Pb 2+ ions with larger atomic radii, thereby promoting the rapid nucleation and growth of CsPbBr 3 QDs, ultimately synthesizing QDs with uniform particle size, narrow half peak width, good optical properties, and thermal stability.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）