JOM
·
2022
·Vol. 74
·期 5
·1934-1944
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IF 2.597
Liu Peiwen,Fei Zitong,Zhang Yingjie,Dong Peng,Meng Qi,Yang Xi
Developing a green and efficient approach for recovering Li from cathode materials is important in recycling spent LiFePO 4 batteries. A facile and efficient oxidation process was developed to selectively recover Li from spent LiFePO 4 batteries. The common oxidant NaClO was used to avoid using acid or alkali in the leaching process. The leaching rate of Li reached 99.8% under the selective optimal leaching conditions of 0.54 mol/l NaClO, leaching time 60 min, leaching temperature 60°C and solid–liquid ratio 1 g/l. The high leaching efficiency can be ascribed to the combination of oxidability and high pH value of the NaClO solution. Meanwhile, leaching and precipitation were carried out simultaneously in this process, which promoted the leaching reaction. High performance LiFePO 4 /C was resynthesized using the recovered products. The specific capacity of the first discharge at 1 C was 147.1 mAh/g and the capacity retention rate at 1 C was 97.55% after 200 cycles. The oxidation approach is acid free and has low energy consumption for green recovery of spent LiFePO 4 batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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能源技术
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DOI
高影响因子
Materials Today Energy
·
2025
·
IF 8.6
Yawen Gao,Luxiang Ma,Shuaifei Zhao,Chunxi Hai,Tiandong Chen,Junyi Zhang,Yan Zhao,Yanxia Sun,Shengde Dong,Xin He,Qi Xu,Xiaowang Wu,Caixiong Quan,Hongli Su,Yuan Zhou
Cost-effective and efficient lithium extraction technology is vital to foster the growth of lithium industry. This paper proposed a novel approach for the high value utilization of spent LiFePO 4 (S-LiFePO 4 ) in the field of lithium extraction from salt lakes was proposed using spent LiFePO 4 (S-LiFePO 4 ) as raw material. The anode, made from spent LiFePO 4 , is prepared via a sintering process, while FePO 4 , obtained through chemical oxidation, is used as the cathode. Compared with commercial LiFePO 4 , this system not only reduces the cost but also greatly shortens the preparation time of FePO 4 (only about 10min is required). And the electrochemical extraction system had a favorable lithium extraction capacity (29.25 mg/g) from actual brine, reducing the Mg/Li ratio from 61.4 to 0.8. This study not only achieved the low-cost preparation of electrode materials and facilitated the large-scale implementation of this process, but also proposed a high-value comprehensive utilization strategy for lithium-ion batteries recycling.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境工程
·
能源技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.2
Peipei Gao,Wei Wang,Tao Tang,Rongge Hu,Mengyun Liu,Hanjie Wen,Ziyuan Zhou,Zhiqi Liu
The rapid expansion in the demand for LiFePO 4 (LFP) batteries has created a pressing need for recycling waste LFP batteries. However, the direct extraction of lithium from their acid leachate remains a significant challenge. This study developed a novel extraction system using tributyl phosphate (TBP) as extractant and ionic liquids (ILs) as co-extractant for selective recovery of Li + from H 2 SO 4 leachate of waste LFP cathode. The single-factor experiment results demonstrated that TBP-[C 4 mim][NTF 2 ] (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide) exhibited higher lithium extraction efficiency under acidic conditions compared to TBP-[C 4 mim][PF 6 ] (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate). Moreover, a four-stage cross-current extraction process utilizing the TBP-[C 4 mim][NTF 2 ] system was demonstrated to efficiently and selectively extract lithium from a real H 2 SO 4 leachate, achieving extraction efficiency and separation factor of 92.39% and 197.95, respectively. Mechanism insights from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and theoretical calculations indicate that cationic exchange and a synergistic effect between TBP and IL enhance the selective extraction of lithium. The cation of IL (C 4 mim + ) enters aqueous phase, and Li + are extracted into organic phase in the form of Li + -TBP-[NTF 2 ] - with a larger binding energy. Furthermore, five cycles of extraction and stripping experiments not only yielded a lithium-enriched solution but also demonstrated the excellent stability of the TBP-[C 4 mim][NTF 2 ]. Finally, the Li + was ultimately recovered as high-purity Li 3 PO 4 via the chemical precipitation method. This study provides theoretical and technical references for efficient extraction of lithium from LFP acid leachate, which is crucial for comprehensive utilization of waste LFP cathodes.
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高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9
Yuhao Zuo,Shao-dong Zhou,Yuchen He,Ke-Jun Wu
The use of Fe 3+ salts for leaching spent LiFePO 4 (LFP) batteries is gaining attention due to its mild, eco-friendly conditions. However, efficient Fe/Li separation remains challenging, as precipitation causes Li loss or impurity introduction, and conventional solvent extraction offers low Li efficiency (∼80 %) and complex processes. This study employed data mining and theoretical analysis to rapidly identify a synergistic P204/N235 extraction system. A closed-loop process coupling H 3 PO 4 stripping and FePO 4 precipitation was developed, achieving 99.45 % Fe removal and only 1.25 % Li loss in a single extraction stage. The Fe/Li separation factor reached 14,243. During stripping, Fe recovery reached 95 % in one stage. The aqueous phase over 10 stripping cycles was reused for FePO 4 preparation, and the raffinate was retained for Li recovery. This integrated approach enables efficient Fe/Li separation and high-value resource utilization from LFP leachates.
研究领域:
冶金学
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材料科学
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化学工程
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环境科学
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电池回收
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Hao Yang,Nianke Zheng,Liping Dong,Yongxiao Song,Wenze Li,Xin Zhou,Zhongqi Ren,Zhiyong Zhou
The green and efficient recovery of Li + from spent LiFePO 4 (S-LFP) batteries and subsequent preparation of high-purity lithium products hold significant industrial importance. It can be applied in various fields such as electronic products, energy storage, and healthcare. A green and non-toxic potassium monopersulfate triple salt (PMTS) was used for the first time as a dual-functional reagent serving as both leaching reagent and oxidant, enabling highly in-situ selective leaching of Li + from S-LFP. Furthermore, a novel extraction system employing dibenzoylmethane (DBM) and triisobutyl phosphate (TIBP) was innovatively applied to selectively recover Li + from the leachate, ultimately yielding battery-grade lithium carbonate. Under optimized conditions, the leaching efficiency of Li + reached up to 99.40 % with nearly negligible iron dissolution (0.01 %). The DBM-TIBP system achieved selective extraction of Li + from the leachate with a single-stage extraction efficiency exceeding 94 %. A comprehensive purification process involving washing with NH 4 Cl/LiCl solution, three-stage cross-flow stripping with NH 4 HCO 3 solution, and high-temperature crystallization was implemented. This protocol achieved remarkable impurity removal efficiencies of 99.05 % for K + and 98.10 % for Na + while maintaining complete Li + retention. The stripping efficiency of Li + reached up to 99.36 %, leading to producing battery-grade lithium carbonate with 99.9 % purity. Additionally, potassium sulfate with 98.30 % purity was recovered from the residual leachate via fractional crystallization. This cost-effective and environmentally benign strategy provided a new perspective for industrial-scale green recycling of S-LFP battery cathode materials.
研究领域:
环境工程
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材料科学
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化学工程
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可持续技术
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冶金学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Yuanjun Zhao,Mengqiu Gao,Yanyang Qin,Xinyu Da,Xuetian Deng,Xin Jia,Kai Xi,Yaqiong Su,Shujiang Ding,Qiang Rong,Xiangpeng Kong,Guoxin Gao
Fabricating flexible composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) with vertically aligned ion transport pathways is necessary for the application of solid-state lithium metal batteries (LMBs), yet the orientation of polymer matrix usually is disorder, thus the improvement in ionic conductivity is unsatisfied. Herein, we develop a simple electric field induced molecular orientation strategy to fabricate the flexible CPEs with vertically aligned ion transport pathways. Driven by direct current (DC) electric field (e.g. 1.5 MV m −1 ), the polar 15C5-Li + dipoles and monomer molecules are oriented regularly and cured to form flexible three dimension (3D) cross-linked structure. As a result, numerous vertically-aligned ion transport pathways have been generated in the vertically oriented arrangement CPEs, thus presenting highly enhanced ionic conductivities, mechanical strength and superb inhibition ability to lithium dendrite growth. When used as CPEs for Li||LiFePO 4 (LFP) batteries, the vertically oriented CPEs exhibit excellent rate and long-term cycle stability with a reversible discharge capability of 124.9 mAh g −1 after 350 cycles at 1C and 60 °C. However, the randomly oriented CPEs deliver much poor cycle and rate performance at the same conduction. It can also be compatible with NCM811|Li batteries at 30 °C. Therefore, our simple DC electric field induced molecular orientation strategy holds a great application promise to construct the fast ion transport channels for the all-solid-state LMBs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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能源存储
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DOI
高影响因子
Polymer Chemistry
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Haomin Wu,Wencan Ma,Xin Huang,Yifeng Cai,Junheng Li,Qiaobo Liao,Kai Xi,Qiuhong Zhang,Xudong Jia
Single-ion quasi-solid-state electrolytes (SIQSSEs) attract increasingly attention recently, due to their ability in suppressing the growth of lithium dendrite and offering higher safety. However, the low ionic conductivity is still the major bottleneck for preventing the practical application. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are considered as potential candidates for quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSSEs) due to their high porosity and ordered structures. Herein, we demonstrate a series of crystalline covalent organic frameworks with sulfonimide groups as a new class of single-ion electrolytes. Owing to the directional lithium transport pathway and adequate binding site for lithium-ions, these COF-based electrolytes deliver good ionic conductivity (4.3×10-4 S cm-1) at 298 K, with high lithium transference number (LTN, ~0.90) and a low activation energy (0.24 eV). We also find both strong electron-withdrawing substituent and delocalized substituent could promote lithium-ion transportation. Furthermore, the Li||LiFePO4 (LFP) cells based on the sulfonimide-functionalized covalent organic framework (SF-COF) electrolytes deliver outstanding rate performance with long cycle life (99% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 0.2 C). Our work demonstrates that crystalline covalent organic frameworks show great potential for application as building blocks of solid electrolytes in lithium metal batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
能量存储
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DOI
高影响因子
Chemical Engineering Journal Advances
·
2021
·
IF 0
Ning Xie,Dongmei Li,Yaqian Li,Jingming Gong,Xianluo Hu
Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) batteries have been considered to be an excellent choice for electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage facilities owing to their superiorities of high specific energy, low cost, excellent thermal safety, and long lifespan, leading to numerous scrap batteries. The lithium recovery from spent LiFePO 4 batteries could be an alternative to relieve the shortage of resources and prevent the environmental pollution. However, traditional lithium recycling methods are limited in the practical application owing to the enormous consumption of chemical reagents and inevitable secondary pollution. Here we demonstrate a unique solar-assisted flow-through electrolysis method based on a TiO 2 photoelectrode with efficient redox shuttles for lithium metal recovery from spent LiFePO 4 batteries. The photovoltage generated on the TiO 2 photoelectrode compensated the electrolysis potential, resulting in electric energy saving of 20.37% for lithium metal recovery. During the solar-assisted electrolysis process, metallic lithium could be instantaneously deposited on the copper foil avoiding secondary pollution. Moreover, the consumption of the I – solution was minimal via a close-loop flow-through regeneration reaction. 38.37 μg lithium metal was deposited with the energy consumption as low as 12.90 Wh g –1 . It is worth noting that the lithium recovery from industrial spent LiFePO 4 powders achieved a high recycling efficiency of 97.64%. This work provides a new simple but efficient way to recover lithium metal from spent LiFePO 4 batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境工程
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能源存储
·
电池回收
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DOI
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Zixuan Li,Dequan Bao,Wei Zhao,Wenxuan Xu,Yingheng Huang,Xiyong Chen,Hao Zhang,Xuhui Sun
Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have emerged as a highly promising alternative to conventional liquid electrolytes for stable lithium-metal batteries (LIBs). However, their inherent poor mechanical properties and limited interfacial compatibility with lithium metal usually lead to unexpected growth of lithium dendrites , hindering commercial viability. Herein, an asymmetric polymer electrolyte with h-BN (HGPE) as protective layer was fabricated via a facile one-step coating strategy. Compared to pure GPE, the asymmetric polymer electrolytes exhibit significantly enhanced mechanical strength from 4.4 MPa to 7.4 MPa, effectively suppressing lithium dendrite growth. Furthermore, the HGPE improves interfacial compatibility with the anodes by preventing direct contact between GPE and lithium metals. The addition of h-BN also enhances the lithium-ion transfer number (t Li+ ), reaching 0.87 compared to 0.53 for pure GPE, attributed to the hindrance of anion movement by the protective layer. Consequently, the Li symmetric battery assembled with HGPE demonstrate exceptional long-term stability, maintaining performance over 1600 h at 0.1 mA cm −2 . Furthermore, the assembled Li|LiFePO 4 battery can deliver a high-capacity retention rate of 93.8 % after 500 cycles at room temperature, showcasing the promising potential of asymmetric polymer electrolytes for high-performance LMBs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
能源存储
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DOI
高影响因子
Materials Today Communications
·
2022
·
IF 3.662
Tao Wei,Zhimeng Wang,Mi Zhang,Qi Zhang,Jiahao Lu,Yanyan Zhou,Cheng Sun,Zidong Yu,Yu Wang,Man Qiao,Sai Qin
As a common filler in polymer electrolytes , Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been studied extensively in recent years. In this study, we propose a novel solid composite electrolytes (SCEs) based on PEO/LiTFSI/a-MIL-100 (Fe)/PVDF by using a straightforward solution-casting method. Unactivated and activated MIL-100 (Fe) (a-MIL-100 (Fe)) as the fillers were compared, and the interactions of functional groups of unactivated MIL-100 (Fe) and a-MIL-100 (Fe) with anions of electrolyte salts through Lewis acid-base interaction are studied with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The influences of different a-MIL-100 (Fe) contents on electrochemical performances were also examined. The Li/SCEs/LiFePO 4 cell displayed high average discharge capacities of 161.8 mAh g −1 , 166.8 mAh g −1 , 158.9 mAh g −1 , 146.2 mAh g −1 and 92.6 mAh g −1 at the rate of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 C at 60 ℃, respectively, without liquid electrolytes. This work might provide new insight into the role of activated MOFs fillers in polymer electrolytes.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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能源存储
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2022
·
IF 14.224
Wensong Zou,Jing Li,Ranhao Wang,Jingyi Ma,Zhijie Chen,Lele Duan,Hongwei Mi,Hong Chen
Herein, we converted spent LiFePO 4 battery to the sea urchin-like material (SULM) with a highly efficient and environment-friendly method, which can contribute to building a zero-waste city. With SULM as a Fenton-like catalyst, a highly-efficient degradation process was realized for organic pollutants with interface and solution synergistic effect. In our SULM+NH 2 OH+H 2 O 2 Fenton-like system, NH 2 OH can effectively promote the interface iron ( Fe(Ⅲ)/ Fe(Ⅱ)) and solution iron (Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)) redox cycle, thus promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the ROS generation process and organic pollutants degradation pathway with the presence of NH 2 OH remains a puzzle. Here the detailed ROS generation mechanism and pollutants degradation pathway have been illustrated carefully based on experimental exploration and characterization. Therein, hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) are the main ROS for oxidizing and degrading organic pollutants. Notably, 1 O 2 can be converted from superoxide radicals (·O 2 ) in SULM+NH 2 OH+H 2 O 2 system. This study not only demonstrates the strategy of "trash-to-treasure" and "waste-to-control-waste" to simultaneously reduce the hazardous release from industrial solid waste and organic wastewater, it also provides new mechanistic insights for NH 2 OH mediated Fenton-like redox system.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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化学工程
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废物管理
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
·
2020
·
IF 2.029
Wanwan Wang,Zhiqiang Fang,Ming Zhao,Yan Peng,Jiujun Zhang,Shiyou Guan
In this work, composite membranes consisting of triethylmethylammonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (N 1222 FSI), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI) have been produced as solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). The composite SPEs provide good mechanical property, high ionic conductivity at 50 °C, high electrochemical and thermal stability as well as superior interfacial compatibility with lithium metal. Moreover, Li/LiFePO 4 cells containing the best-performing SPE exhibit high discharge capacity and excellent cycling performance. The results show that the novel composite SPEs might be promising electrolytes applied in all-solid-state lithium batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
电池技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）