Yaru Wang,Ruyue Su,Jingyi Chen,Wenqing Wang,Xueqin Zhang,Hao Xu,Rujie He
With 5G and millimeter-wave technologies evolving rapidly, the high communication frequency leads to high integration and miniaturization of the Luneburg lens (LL). In this paper, a miniaturized K-band flat LL with 0.95MgTiO 3 –0.05CaTiO 3 (95MCT) ceramic was designed and successfully printed by vat-photopolymerization 3D printing . Optimal 3D printing parameters and thermal treatment processes of 95MCT ceramic were investigated. The as-prepared 95MCT ceramic showed excellent properties: a density of 3.40 g/cm 3 , a high flexural strength of 81.78 MPa, a dielectric constant of 17.7, and a remarkably low dielectric loss value of 4.56 × 10 -4 . Based on the 95MCT ceramic, a flat LL with a diameter of 40 mm and thickness of 6 mm was printed with sophisticated metastructure. While miniaturization was accomplished with a high degree of dimensional compression, the printed flat LL showed a maximum gain enhancement over 5 dBi. Thus, this study provides a novel viewpoint on the fabrication of microwave dielectric ceramic and miniaturized ceramic radio frequency (RF) devices with complex structures.
With the rapid advancement of 5G communication technology, higher communication frequencies have pushed the development of the Luneburg lens (LL) towards greater integration and miniaturization. In this paper, a novel Zn 2 SiO 4 -TiO 2 (ZST) ceramic Flat Luneburg Lens (FLL) for the K-band is designed and successfully fabricated using vat-photopolymerization (VPP) 3D printing technology. By optimizing the rheological properties of the slurry alongside the photopolymerization and thermal treatment processes, the resulting ZST ceramic exhibits excellent microwave dielectric properties after sintering at 1250 °C: a dielectric constant ( εᵣ ) of 9.6933, a quality factor ( Q×f) reaching 85294 GHz, a frequency temperature coefficient ( τ f ) close to zero (-0.78 ppm/°C), and an extremely low dielectric loss (1.29×10 -4 ). Building upon this high-performance ZST ceramic, a miniaturized FLL with a diameter of 30 mm and a thickness of 4 mm was successfully fabricated via metamaterial structural design. The measured results indicate that the FLL achieved a maximum gain enhancement of 5.5 dBi. This work offers useful insights into the 3D printing manufacturing of high-performance microwave dielectric ceramics and their application in miniaturized and integrated radio frequency devices.
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