The presence of sulfa antibiotics in water is becoming increasingly serious and actions need to be taken to establish an effective wastewater purification process for their removal. MIL-101(Cr)@AC was prepared by incorporating activated carbon into the MIL-101(Cr) framework to reduce unused voids in MIL-101. MIL-101(Cr)@AC has a high specific surface area and was successfully synthesized and activated with urea. In this study, the adsorptive removal of the sulfonamide antibiotic, sulfacetamide (SA), from wastewater was studied using urea-activated MIL-101(Cr)@AC for the first time. High SA adsorption efficiency was observed, and an adsorption equilibrium was reached within approximately 60 min. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm records were best fitted using the Langmuir model and a pseudo-second-order model, respectively. Therefore, according to the result of adsorption, a possible mechanism was proposed. Hydrogen bonding between −NH2 on the grafted urea-MIL-101(Cr)@AC and −SO2 groups in SA resulted in an increase in adsorption efficiency. In addition, urea-MIL-101(Cr)@AC exhibited excellent reusability, which is attractive for potential applications in adsorbing SA from wastewater.
Hydrate-based adsorption and hydration natural gas (AHNG) technology was reported to achieve large methane storage density under mild conditions. In order to enhance methane uptake, a composite nano porous material of MIL-101(Cr)@AC was prepared through fluorine-free hydrothermal reaction, and methane adsorption isotherms for both dry and wet samples were measured under hydrate favorable conditions. Hydrate in-situ formation loaded by the composite material was also carried out, while hydrate kinetics was evaluated by Raman spectrum. It was found that MIL-101(Cr) remains cubic symmetric structure when activated carbon (AC) was doped, but its size decreases with the increase in AC doping amount, while the specific surface area and pore volume significantly increase, and this enhances methane adsorption that increases by 65.58%. More enhanced methane uptake was obtained when wet sample was applied due to adsorption and hydration synergy, wherein methane physical adsorption ability remains, while formed hydrate stores extra methane. The contribution of hydrate to methane uptake is up to 40%, so large methane storage density is anticipated, methane volumetric uptake is up to 179.3 V/V under a mild condition (9.3 MPa and 274.15 K), which increases by 38.03%. Compared with our recently reported ZIF-8@AC, methane storage capacity in this new material increases by 36.5% (Chem. Eng. J., 2023, 455, 140503). In addition, hydrate progressive growth with the increase in adsorption pressure was observed, the area ratio of hydrate large cages to small one finally approaches to the theoretical value of 3:1, suggesting approximately complete conversion of pre-adsorbed water.
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