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Fabrication of Fe3O4@PVA microspheres by one-step electrospray for magnetic resonance imaging during transcatheter arterial embolization

Jiaojiao Li,Jihua Wang,Jianye Li,Xin Yang,Jiangling Wan,Chuansheng Zheng,Qing Du,Guofeng Zhou,Xiangliang Yang

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has attracted increasing attention as a feasible alternative or adjunctive imaging modality for X-ray digital subtraction angiography because of the high tissue resolution and non-ionization radiation. In this study, a one-step electrospray method was developed to fabricate PVA microspheres encapsulated with in situ synthesized Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles . Fe 3 O 4 @PVA microspheres were mono-dispersed black spheres with a wide range of sizes (262–958 µm). The in situ -synthesized Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were used as the contrast agent of MRI and the cross-linkers of PVA matrixes for the embolization purpose. In vivo evaluation of renal arteries of normal rabbits showed that Fe 3 O 4 @PVA microspheres had good embolic effect and enhanced capability of MRI. In vitro and in vivo biosafety assessment confirmed that Fe 3 O 4 @PVA microspheres had favorable biocompatibility. The DOX-loaded Fe 3 O 4 @PVA microspheres showed a typical drug-sustained release profile. These results suggest that the prepared DOX-loaded Fe 3 O 4 @PVA microspheres have the function of MRI, embolotherapy and chemotherapy. We expect our study could provide a simple and useful approach for the systematic design , fabrication, and application of a new type of magnetic microspheres as a triple-functional embolic agent for the development of MRI-guided TACE. Statement of significance Due to the low tissue resolution and hazardous ionization radiation of X-ray digital subtraction angiography, it is beneficial to study MR imaging embolic microspheres for the development of MRI-guided TACE. In this study, a one-step electrospray method was firstly developed to fabricate PVA microspheres encapsulated with in situ synthesized Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. Then, chemotherapeutic agent (DOX), contrast media of MRI (Fe 3 O 4 ) and embolic agent (PVA matrix) were combined together in one body (DOX-loaded Fe 3 O 4 @PVA microspheres) to achieve the triple effects of chemotherapy, MR imaging and embolization. This triple-functional embolic agent offers potential for the future development of MRI-guided TACE.