Viruses-Basel
·
2022
·Vol. 14
·期 7
·1421
·
IF 5.818
Yingjie Jin,Fei Yang,Gengrong Zhang,Qing Yu,Gaoxue Wang,Fei Ling,Tianqiang Liu
Micropterus salmoidesrhabdovirus (MSRV) is a primary viral pathogen in largemouth bass aquaculture, which leads to tremendous economic losses yearly. Currently, there are no approved drugs for the treatment and control of this virus. Our previous studies screened the herbMagnolia officinalisfrom many traditional Chinese medicines, and we isolated and identified magnolol as its main active compound against multiple rhabdoviruses, including MSRV. On the basis of the structure–activity relationship and pharmacophore model of magnolol, two new magnolol derivatives, namely, hydrogenated magnolol and 2,2′-dimethoxy-magnolol, were designed and synthesized. Their anti-MSRV activities were systematically investigated both in vitro and in vivo. By comparing the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), it was found that hydrogenated magnolol possessed a higher anti-MSRV activity than magnolol and 2,2′-dimethoxy-magnolol, with an IC50of 13.37 μM. Furthermore, hydrogenated magnolol exhibited a protective effect on the grass carp ovary (GCO) cell line by reducing the cytopathic effect induced by MSRV. Further studies revealed that hydrogenated magnolol did not directly impact virions or interfere with MSRV adsorption. It worked within the 6–8 h of the phase of virus replication. In vivo treatment of MSRV infection with magnolol and hydrogenated magnolol showed that they significantly improved the survival rate by 44.6% and 62.7%, respectively, compared to MSRV-infected groups. The viral load measured by the expression of viral glycoprotein in the organs including the liver, spleen, and kidney also significantly decreased when fish were intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Altogether, the structural optimization of magnolol via hydrogenation of the propylene groups increased its anti-MSRV activity both in vitro and in vivo. These results may provide a valuable reference for anti-MSRV drug discovery and development in aquaculture.Keywords:Micropterus salmoidesrhabdovirus (MSRV);magnolol;largemouth bass;antiviral activity
研究领域:
水产养殖学
·
病毒学
·
药物化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
AQUACULTURE
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Yao Wang,Mengmeng Wang,Zhiyang Lin,Guangshuo Wang,Yunlong Qin,Mingzhu Liu,Fei Ling,Haifeng Jiang,Tianqiang Liu,Gaoxue Wang
Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) is a highly pathogenic rhabdovirus that has caused significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry of largemouth bass. To date, there is no approved treatment for MSRV infection. In order to address this urgent need, virtual screening of the natural product monomer compound library targeting MSRV glycoprotein was conducted and the antiviral activity of 13 natural compounds identified in the screening was studied. Among these compounds, Aloe emodin (AE) exhibited high binding affinity and antiviral activity, inhibiting MSRV replication in grass carp ovary (GCO) cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 2.55 μM. Additionally, viral titers and cytopathic effects (CPE) were significantly reduced in the presence of AE. AE was demonstrated to directly destroy MSRV virions and inhibit their adsorption to GCO cells according to ultracentrifugation assay and viral binding assay. In vivo studies demonstrated that AE injection increased the survival rate of MSRV-infected largemouth bass by 63.3 %, which was 46.7 % higher than that of the virus group. RT-qPCR and pathological tissue section results demonstrated that AE treatment could significantly reduce viral loads in the liver, spleen, and kidney on days 1, 4, and 7 post-infection, and AE effectively mitigated tissue damage caused by MSRV infection. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) showed that AE induced changes in the secondary structure of the MSRV glycoprotein and exhibited high affinity for the glycoprotein (Kd = 2.803 × 10 −5 M, ΔG = −25.99 kJ/mol). These results suggested that AE was a natural product with potent anti-MSRV activity through direct targeting of the glycoprotein.
研究领域:
病毒学
·
水产养殖学
·
药理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 11.3
Yangcheng Ding,Shuangjing Dong,Danna Ding,Xiaoming Chen,Fangxi Xu,He Niu,Jixiao Xu,Yuhang Fan,Ruya Chen,Yijing Xia,Xiawen Qiu,Huajun Feng
Residual antibiotics in aquaculture ecosystems can exert selective pressures on bacterial communities, driving bacteria to acquire antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through gene mutations or horizontal gene transfer (HGT). This study investigated the antibiotic resistance risk in freshwater aquaculture ecosystems of Micropterus salmoides in Zhejiang Province. The results revealed that oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin and florfenicol were up to 300 ng/L, and the proportion of multidrug-resistant genes varied from 32.20 % to 50.70 % in the surveyed aquaculture water. Additionally, approximately 9.80 % of all annotated ARGs were identified as possessing plasmid-mediated horizontal transfer risks. The ARGs host prediction revealed that Actinobacteria carried the highest abundance of ARGs, up to 159.38 (coverage, ×/Gb). Furthermore, the abundance of Paer_emrE , ksgA , ompR and golS were positively correlated with Chlorophyll a concentration ( p < 0.05), suggesting that algal blooms might facilitate the evolution and transfer of ARGs. Correlations between ARG abundances and total phosphorus, total nitrogen, pH, electrical conductivity indicated that modulating water quality parameters may serve as a viable strategy to mitigate the eco-environmental risk of ARGs in aquaculture water. This study identified antibiotic resistance characteristics in freshwater aquaculture ecosystems of Micropterus salmoides in Zhejiang Province, establishing a foundation on managing antibiotic resistance risks in such aquaculture environments.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
微生物学
·
水产养殖学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food & Function
·
2023
·Vol. 14
·期 9
·4092-4105
·
IF 6.1
Meng Kang,Konglong Feng,Weijie Dai,Jianyin Miao,Guo Liu,Huaiyi Fang,Yong Cao
1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL), a key structural lipid in the breast milk fat, plays a critical role in providing nutrients and energy for infants. OPL is more abundant in Chinese breast milk fat and might be better for Chinese infants’ growth. However, few studies have investigated the effect of OPL on the growth and intestinal health of the organism in early life. OPL-rich oil with 45.77% OPL was prepared by immobilized lipase-catalyzed synthesis and purification. The effects of OPL on the nutritional properties and the regulation of intestinal microbiota in early life were further investigated in vivo (Micropterus salmoides). Dietary OPL-rich oil significantly increased the juvenile fish weight gain rate, protein content, and muscular polyunsaturated fatty acids, which in turn markedly altered the muscle texture in springiness and cohesiveness. Dietary OPL-rich oil could also protect intestinal tissues by significantly increasing fish intestinal fold height, mucosal thickness, and intestinal wall thickness. Furthermore, dietary OPL-rich oil regulated intestinal microbiota. Particularly, OPL significantly increased the probiotics (Cetobacterium_sp014250685, Streptomyces_mutabilis, Saccharopolyspora_spinosa, and Nocardiopsis_kunsanensis) and reduced the potential pathogens (Staphylococcus_nepalensis, Salmonella_enterica, the Candidatus_berkiella). The structured OPL significantly promoted fish growth and improved nutritional composition due to its higher bioavailability relative to tripalmitate (PPP). Moreover, OPL significantly improved the growth, cholesterol metabolism, and intestinal health than the mixed oil (MO), which was attributed to the higher palmitic acid content in the sn-2 position. Overall, the structure of triacylglycerols and its distribution of fatty acids affected early growth and intestinal health, and OPL was more effective in the improvement of juvenile growth and intestinal health.
研究领域:
营养学
·
微生物学
·
水产养殖学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Microbiology
·
2023
·
IF 5.2
Guo Huanyu,Chen Jing,Yuan Xuemei,Zhang Jian,Wang Jiayang,Yao Jiayun,Ge Haixia
Herbal extracts have been considered as ideal alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture and application of combinatory effective extracts always can exhibit the enhanced bioactivity with high efficiency. In our study, a novel herbal extract combination GF-7, which is composed of Galla Chinensis, Mangosteen Shell extracts as well as the effective parts of Pomegranate peel and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts, was prepared and applied for the therapy of bacterial infection in aquaculture. The HPLC analysis of GF-7 was also investigated for quality control and chemical identification. In the bioassay, GF-7 had excellent antibacterial activity against various aquatic pathogenic bacteria in vitro, and the related MIC values were between 0.045 and 0.36 mg/mL. After feeding Micropterus salmoide with GF-7 (0.1, 0.3, and 0.6%, respectively) for 28 days, the activities of ACP, AKP, LZM, SOD, and CAT of the liver in each treatment group were significantly increased and the content of MDA was significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the hepatic expression of the immune regulators including IL-1β, TNF-α, and Myd88 at different times was up-regulated in varying degrees. The challenge results exhibited a good dose-dependent protective effect on M. salmoides infected with A. hydrophila, which was further confirmed by liver histopathology. Our results imply that the novel combination GF-7 is a potential natural medicine for the prevention and treatment of numerous aquatic pathogenic infectious diseases in aquaculture.
研究领域:
水产养殖
·
药理学
·
免疫学
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2023
·
IF 13.6
Hongping Liao,Dandan Gao,Chunmiao Kong,Muhammad Junaid,Ye Li,Xikun Chen,Qingzhi Zheng,Guanglong Chen,Jun Wang
Nanoplastics and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are ubiquitous emerging contaminants that are transferred among organisms through food chain in the ecosystem. This study evaluated the trophic transfer of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) and DEHP in a food chain including Chlorella pyrenoidosa , Daphnia magna and Micropterus salmoides (algae-crustacean-fish) and lipid metabolism at a higher trophic level in fish. Our results showed that the PSNPs and DEHP accumulated in C. pyrenoidosa or D. magna were transferred to the M. salmoides , of which the DEHP were not biomagnified, while the PSNPs were trophically amplified by the food chain. It is suggested that more PSNPs might be accumulated by higher level consumers in a longer food chain. Additionally, the trophic transfer of PSNPs and DEHP resulted in antioxidant response and histopathological damage in M. salmoides . Moreover, the lipid biochemical parameters and lipid metabolism related genes ( fasn , hsl , cpt1a , atgl , apob , fabp1 , lpl , cetp ) of M. salmoides were significantly affected, which indicated disturbance of lipid metabolism. This study offers great insight into the transfer of contaminants by trophic transfer and their negative effects on organisms at higher trophic levels, which cause human exposure to MNPs and organic contaminants in the ecosystem.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
生态毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
·
2020
·
IF 4.346
Shiwei Xie,Peng Yin,Lixia Tian,Yongjian Liu,Beiping Tan,Jin Niu
Antibiotics have been widely used (mainly mixed with feed) in aquaculture, while few studies have evaluated the interactions between feed composition and antibiotics. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a fat-soluble antibiotic, an eight weeks feeding trial was conducted to investigate the interactions between dietary lipid levels and chronic exposure of legal aquaculture dose of sulfamethoxazole in juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides , and evaluated the possible human health risk. Six practical diets were formulated to three levels of crude lipid (11, 14.5, 18 %) and two levels of SMX (0 and 0.3 %), namely low fat (LF), moderate fat (MF), high fat (HF), low fat and SMX (LFS), moderate fat and SMX (MFS), high fat and SMX (HFS), respectively. Each diet was assigned to three tanks (20 fish per tank, average weight 30.65 ± 0.02 g). Growth and organ indices were increased by SMX. Higher malformation rate and lower hypoxia stress resistance were found in fish exposed to SMX than those not exposed. Cholesterol and bile acid synthesis related gene expressions were down-regulated by SMX exposure. Oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis were increased in fish exposed to SMX. Significant interactions between dietary lipid levels and SMX on renal immune response of fish were observed. Remarkable damage of intestinal histology was observed in fish fed the diet HFS. In addition, dietary SMX exposure increased pathogen susceptibility of largemouth bass and induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota. The concentrations of SMX in muscle of fish fed diets containing SMX were higher than those fed other diets, and close to the maximum residue limit (MRL) in China and international organizations. Although chronic legal aquaculture dose of dietary SMX also increased the target hazard quotient (THQ) and estimated daily intake (EDI), there is no health risk in adults and children consuming fish filet.
研究领域:
水产养殖
·
环境毒理学
·
鱼类生理学
·
营养学
·
食品安全
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
An-Hui Jin,Yi-Fan Qian,Jiong Ren,Jin-Gang Wang,Fang Qiao,Mei-Ling Zhang,Zhen-Yu Du,Yuan Luo
In omnivorous fish, the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs)-pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit (PDHE1α) axis is essential in the regulation of carbohydrate oxidative catabolism. Among the existing research, the role of the PDKs-PDHE1α axis in carnivorous fish with poor glucose utilization is unclear. In the present study, we determined the effects of PDK inhibition on the liver glycolipid metabolism of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ). DCA is a PDK-specific inhibitor that inhibits PDK by binding the allosteric sites . A total of 160 juvenile largemouth bass were randomly divided into two groups, with four replicates of 20 fish each, fed a control diet and a control diet supplemented with dichloroacetate (DCA) for 8 weeks. The present results showed that DCA supplementation significantly decreased the hepatosomatic index , triglycerides in liver and serum, and total liver lipids of largemouth bass compared with the control group. In addition, compared with the control group, DCA treatment significantly down-regulated gene expression associated with lipogenesis . Furthermore, DCA supplementation significantly decreased the mRNA expression of pdk3a and increased PDHE1α activity. In addition, DCA supplementation improved glucose oxidative catabolism and pyruvate oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the liver, as evidenced by low pyruvate content in the liver and up-regulated expressions of glycolysis-related and TCA cycle/OXPHOS-related genes. Moreover, DCA consumption decreased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content, enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and increased transforming growth factor beta ( tgf-β ), glutathione S-transferase ( gst ), and superoxide dismutase 1 ( sod1 ) gene expression compared with the control diet. This study demonstrated that inhibition of PDKs by DCA promoted glucose utilization, reduced hepatic lipid deposition, and improved oxidative stress in largemouth bass by increasing pyruvate OXPHOS. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the underlying mechanism of the PDKs-PDHE1α axis in glucose metabolism and improve the utilization of dietary carbohydrates in farmed carnivorous fish.
研究领域:
水产养殖
·
鱼类生理学
·
营养学
·
生物化学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
AQUACULTURE
·
2026
·
IF 4.4
Kaige Song,Enpei Zhu,Fuqi You,Xiang Fan,Chengxian Zhang,Hanwen Zhang,Xue Du,Qiao Liu,Liulan Zhao,Song Yang
Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV), a highly lethal and contagious pathogen, has inflicted substantial economic losses on the largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) aquaculture industry. In this study, a novel MSRV strain, designated MSRV-MS01, was isolated from diseased juvenile largemouth bass collected from Sichuan Province, China. To explore host-virus interactions, we focused on the viral glycoprotein (G), a major envelope protein involved in virus-host interactions, and performed protein–protein interaction screening to identify host-associated proteins. Prohibitin (PHB) was identified as a host interacting protein of MSRV-G protein. Functional analyses, including PHB overexpression and antibody-blocking assays, further suggested that PHB is involved in MSRV infection and may modulate viral replication. Collectively, these findings expand the current understanding of MSRV-host interactions and provide new insights into host factors associated with rhabdovirus infection.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Animals
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 13
·2032
·
IF 3.2
Jing Ni,Hejian Xiong,Ruifang Wang,Yuanhong Xie,Lixing Huang,Ying Ma,Chuanbo He
Simple SummaryCurcumin holds great potential as a natural immunostimulant in animal nutrition, yet its practical application is severely constrained by low water solubility and poor bioavailability. We previously synthesized a highly water-soluble valine-curcumin conjugate (Val-Cur). This study now presents the first comprehensive in vivo evaluation of Val-Cur in largemouth bass, systematically revealing its enhanced efficacy and underlying physiological mechanisms. We found that dietary Val-Cur at doses as low as 15–30 mg/kg outperforms native curcumin (60 mg/kg) across multiple key metrics: it more effectively promotes growth, improves serum lipid profiles, and strengthens systemic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. These benefits are achieved through a coordinated mechanism that includes reinforcing intestinal barrier integrity, modulating apoptosis-related gene expression, and beneficially reshaping the gut microbiota—specifically by inhibiting potential pathogens while enriching beneficial, short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. The poor water solubility of curcumin is a major bottleneck in animal nutrition. Our findings demonstrate that an amino acid conjugation strategy effectively reduces the effective dose while surpassing native curcumin in efficacy, representing an important step for functional feed development.Curcumin (Cur), a polyphenol with excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is widely used in aquaculture. However, its low water solubility limits bioavailability. This study first investigated the effects of a highly water-soluble and bioavailable valine-curcumin (Val-Cur) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory factor expression and gut microbiota in juvenile largemouth bass. A total of 450 healthy largemouth bass (initial weight 12.00 ± 0.45 g per fish) were randomly divided into six groups: the basal diet group (CK), the group supplemented with 60 mg/kg of curcumin (Cur), and groups that were fed with 15, 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg of Val-Cur. Each group had three replicates (25 fish per replicate). After 8 weeks, compared with both the CK and Cur groups, 30–60 mg/kg Val-Cur displayed significantly increased growth rates, specific growth rates, and protein conversion efficiency, and significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio. Quadratic regression analysis indicated that the optimal supplementation level was approximately 51.62 mg/kg Val-Cur. The Cur and Val-Cur between 30 and 60 mg/kg groups also displayed significantly improved serum biochemical indicators (↑HDL-C, ALB, LZM, CAT and SOD, and ↓MDA). These groups also promoted the expression of intestinal anti-inflammatory factors (TGF-β1andIL-10) and physical barrier genes (Claudin1,OccludinandClaudin4). In terms of regulating the intestinal microbiota, both Cur and Val-Cur significantly reduced the bacterial diversity (↓Sobs, Chao1 and PD indices) and increased the evenness of bacterial distribution (↑Simpson, Shannon and Pielou indices). In addition, the abundance of some potential pathogens (e.g.,Plesiomonas,Plesiomonas shigelloides, andPseudomonas fluorescens) significantly decreased, while the abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g.,Faecalibaculum,Faecalibaculum rodentiumandLactobacillus murinus) significantly increased. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria was positively correlated with improvement in growth performance, serum biochemical and antioxidant capacity indicators. In summary, Val-Cur exerted superior biological effects at lower dietary inclusion levels than Cur. This study laid a theoretical foundation for elucidating the mechanism of Val-Cur in improving fish immunity and promoting the application of water-soluble curcumin in aquaculture.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
·
2020
·Vol. 85
·期 3
·582-591
·
IF 2.479
Luyun Cai,Jiangli Wan,Xiuxia Li,Jianrong Li
To evaluate the physicochemical properties and structure of thawed fillets, following six treatments were used: conventional thawing, microwave thawing, microwave or ultrasound combined with vacuum thawing, magnetic nanoparticles combined with microwave or far-infrared thawing. The thawing loss, cooking loss, pH, color, texture change, water-holding capacity, and water migration of fish fillets were determined. The total volatile base nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid were used to determine the degree of protein degradation and lipid oxidation. Microscope observations and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to observe fiber microstructure. Results indicated that both microwave combined with vacuum thawing and far-infrared combined with magnetic nanoparticles thawing had desirable physicochemical properties as compared to other thawing methods. The lower total volatile base nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid values had less effect on protein degradation and lipid oxidation of thawing process. Besides, both microwaves combined with vacuum thawing and far-infrared combined with magnetic nanoparticles thawing samples had no significant difference in immobilized and bond water compared with fresh sample. SEM and microscopic observation showed that the myofibril bundles were arranged regularly and smoothly in microwave combined with vacuum thawing and far-infrared combined with magnetic nanoparticles thawing samples compared with other thawed methods. Thus, the microwave combined with vacuum thawing and far-infrared combined with magnetic nanoparticles thawing as potential thawing methods could be used to maintain the quality of thawed fish fillets. Practical Application Largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) is a good source of animal protein. The fish needs to be frozen for circulation because of geographical and seasonal factors, so thawing methods can directly affect the quality of thawed fish. The results showed that the microwave combined with vacuum and the magnetic nanoparticles combined with far-infrared thawing could better maintain the quality of thawed fish.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Aquaculture Reports
·
2025
·
IF 3.7
Huifen Liu,Yueying Wang,Jiaying Fang,Meng Zhang,Xi Shi,JianXin Zhang,Ruwei Xu,Xuejun Li,Xianghui Kong
Temperature plays a crucial role in the gonadal development and maturation of fish. However, the mechanism by which fish perceive temperature signals and respond accordingly, thereby altering their developmental trajectory, remains incompletely understood. In this study, the largemouth bass (LMB) broodstock were reared at ambient temperature, 18℃, 23℃ and 28℃ for 60 days respectively. The growth differences, antioxidant capacity, serum hormones and ovarian development were compared, and comparative transcriptome analyses of ovarian tissues were performed. The results revealed that the weight gain (WG, %), specific growth rate (SGR, %/day), and gonadosomatic index (GSI, %) of LMB at 18℃ were significantly higher than those in other groups ( p < 0.05). Compared to the control group under natural water temperature, fish maintained at constant temperatures (18 °C, 23 °C and 28 °C) exhibited significantly higher activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT), along with a markedly lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Histological analysis showed that under 18℃ and 23℃ conditions, most oocytes were in the vitellogenic stage, while oocytes in the 28℃ group were mainly in the primary growth stage and cortical vesicle stage, with some oocytes atretic. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing detected a total of 30,523 genes, and comparative analysis found 854, 1344, 1823, 322, 1400, and 1349 DEGs in 18℃ vs control, 23℃ vs control, 28℃ vs control, 23℃ vs 18℃, 28℃ vs 18℃, and 28℃ vs 23℃, respectively. KEGG analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in pyruvate metabolism, thermogenesis, apelin signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, GnRH signaling pathway, ovarian steroid biosynthesis, PI3K-AKT, TGF-β signaling pathway, prolactin signaling pathway. The results can provide a reference for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism by which temperature regulates the gonadal maturation of fish, and also contribute to the analysis of the mechanism of environment-gene interaction.
研究领域:
水产养殖
·
鱼类生理学
·
分子生物学
·
环境遗传学
·
生殖生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）