Modulated structure and physical properties of MnWO4 ceramics via Zr4+ replacement
Ceramic samples of Mn 1- x Zr x WO 4 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) were prepared by a solid-state reaction to study changes in the structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of multiferroic MnWO 4 caused by replacing Mn 2+ ions with Zr 4+ ions. The results indicate that Zr 4+ replacement caused lattice deformation but did not affect the monoclinic lattice structure of any of the MnWO 4 samples. The concentration of vacancies, investigated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, increased with as the Zr 4+ content x from 0.00 to 0.20. It was observed that Zr 4+ replacement enhanced the dielectric constant of Mn 1- x Zr x WO 4 but slightly increased the dielectric loss. The magnetization and transition temperatures (T AF3 and T AF2 ) of the Mn 1- x Zr x WO 4 system were increased by the Zr 4+ replacement, and the existing temperature range of the AF2 phase was extended upon the substitution of Zr 4+ for Mn 2+ . This study demonstrated that the magnetic properties of Mn 1- x Zr x WO 4 were closely related to the vacancy concentration and lattice distortion.
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