Amelioration of hypoglycemic peptide MoHpP-2 from Moringa oleifera seeds in C2C12 / IR cells and type 2 diabetes mellitus mice
The hypoglycemic peptide MoHpP-2 from Moringa oleifera seeds exhibits excellent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, but its amelioration in insulin resistant (IR) cells and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice is still unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of MoHpP-2 on C2C12/IR cells, and gut microbiota and metabolite changes of T2DM mice using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and metabolomics. MoHpP-2 within the concentration range could effectively enhance the glucose consumption levels and antioxidant capacity in C2C12/IR cells. MoHpP-2 intervention improves the blood sugar levels, liver function, and organ indices, reverses oxidative damage, and enhances the antioxidant capacity of T2DM mice. Furthermore, it increases the diversity of cecum microorganisms, decreases the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides and some pathogenic bacteria , and reshapes the gut microbial composition of T2DM mice. Moreover, the metabolomic analysis results showed that MoHpP-2 intervention might promote unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, inhibit bile acid formation, and regulate linoleic acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism related to oxidative stress, thereby improving insulin resistance and sensitivity in T2DM mice. Overall, the experimental results provide insights into the hypoglycemic effect of MoHpP-2 in vitro and in vivo and its application in hypoglycemic functional food products.
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