FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2020
·
IF 6.306
Wanbao Ouyang,Xin Liu,Yanling Wang,Zhibing Huang,Xiujiang Li
Monascus , which is traditionally used in various Asian industries, produces several secondary metabolites during the fermentation process, including citrinin, a toxin whose impact limits the development of the Monascus industry. We have previously found that the addition of 2.0 g/L genistein to Monascus medium reduces citrinin production by approximately 80%. Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms whereby genistein affects citrinin production. We sequenced the Monascus genome and performed transcriptome analysis on genistein-treated and -untreated groups. Comparison between the two groups showed 378 downregulated and 564 upregulated genes. Among the latter, we further examined the genes related to citrinin biosynthesis and quantified them using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Genes orf5 , pksCT , orf3 , orf1 , orf6 , and ctnE were significantly downregulated, demonstrating that genistein addition indeed affects citrinin synthesis. Our results may lay the groundwork for substantial improvements in the Monascus fermentation industry.
研究领域:
微生物学
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分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 3.7
Zijun Tao,Jian Zhang,Fuge Niu,Huien Zhang,Zhongfa Chen,Shanfu Wang,Yuli Zhang,Jie Li,Peng Liu
This study investigated the conditions for polygonati rhizoma (PR) fermentation by Monascus ruber and the lipid-lowering activity of the resulting product. Monascus ruber was used for the solid-state fermentation of PR, and the response surface method was used to optimize the fermentation culture medium parameters. The optimal fermentation system yielded a maximum monacolin K concentration of 21.82 ± 0.34 mg/g. The fermentation conditions were as follows: 12.5 mmol/kg of L-glutamic acid, 0.64 mmol/kg of cyclic adenosine monophosphate , 3.0 wt% of yeast extract powder, a fermentation period of 15 days, and a fermentation temperature of 30 ℃. The binding capacities of unfermented PR, “Nine-Steam-Nine-Bask” processed Polygonati rhizoma (NPR), and Monascus ruber solid-state fermented polygonati rhizoma (MPR) to sodium cholate, sodium taurocholate , and sodium glycolate were determined. MPR showed a stronger bile acid-binding capacity than unfermented PR. In addition, MPR exhibited the highest cholesterol inhibitory capacity of 51.43±1.41 %. Thus, MPR can be used as a potential antilipemic agent with potent hypolipidemic effects.
研究领域:
中药学
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微生物学
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生物化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Food Bioscience
·
2025
·
IF 5.9
Cuiting Yang,Yingying Zhang,Mingyue Jia,Qingsong Qu,Zhixun Li,Qing Zhou,Minfang Feng,Yuting Tian,Weishuo Ren,Xinyuan Shi
Monascus fermented Ginseng exhibits superior lipid-regulation activity compared to the raw materials, which undoubtedly related to fermentation-induced changes. This study aims to elucidate the interactions between Monascus purpureus (M. purpureus) and ginseng during fermentation and identify an effective ginseng fraction optimal for co-fermentation. Initially, the effective fractions extracted from ginseng—total polysaccharides, amino acids, and ginsenosides, were separately added to the basic medium to assess their impact on M. purpureus growth and metabolism. Meanwhile, ginsenoside transformation during fermentation was also investigated. The fermentation product derived from the selected ginseng fraction and M. purpureus was assessed for its lipid-lowering efficacy. The results indicated that total amino acids and total ginsenosides, except for total polysaccharides, facilitated the growth of M. purpureus and enhanced Monacolin K production. The expression levels of genes associated with M. purpureus metabolism exhibited significant alterations. The changes in various ginsenoside monomers revealed potential ginsenoside transformation pathways during the fermentation process. Additionally, Monascus purpureus fermented Ginsenosides exhibited lipid-lowering efficacy comparable to Monascus fermented Ginseng, potentially regulating the lipid metabolism via the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (PPAR/SREBP) signaling pathway. These insights not only elucidate the interaction mechanisms between M. purpureus and ginseng fractions during fermentation but also demonstrate the lipid-lowering potential of Monascus purpureus fermented Ginsenosides at both cellular and molecular levels, highlighting certain significance for the rational utilization of ginseng resources, revealing the key role of microorganisms in the fermentation process.
研究领域:
微生物学
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药理学
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代谢生物学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2020
·
IF 4.972
Shanshan He,Yanling Wang,Jianhua Xie,Heng Gao,Xiujiang Li,Zhibing Huang
Monascus comprises purple-red molds. Various compounds can be obtained from these species, including statins and food-safe yellow, red, and orange pigments. However, the secondary metabolite citrinin, a mycotoxin, is produced during the late stages of growth. Citrinin biosynthesis should be reduced to apply Monascus pigments safely. Fortunately, this can be achieved by the addition of flavonoids (genistein, daidzein, apigenin, and kaempferol). However, the effects of these flavonoids on other metabolites remain unknown. Here, we report a 1 H NMR-based multivariate metabolomic analysis of the effects of flavonoids on mycotoxin citrinin production by Monascus . Fifteen metabolites involved in lysine and arginine biosynthesis and alanine, aspartate, glutamate, biotin, arginine, proline, and glutathione metabolism were detected. The reduction in glutamate, aspartate, biotin, and 2-phosphoglycerate content suggested their association with the citrinin reduction mechanism. This study identifies the citrinin production pathway in Monascus and will aid in the development of citrinin-control methods.
研究领域:
微生物学
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代谢组学
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食品科学
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DOI
高影响因子
Foods
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2025
·Vol. 14
·期 5
·835
·
IF 5.1
Chuling Liu,Li Cheng,Mingtian Yang,Zhengli He,Yanan Jia,Li Xu,Yuansong Zhang
Monascusis a fungus widely used in food fermentation. This study employed microbial technology, combined with microscopic morphological observations and ITS sequence analysis, to isolate, purify, and identify 10 strains of red yeast mold from variousMonascusproducts. After the HPLC detection of metabolic products, the M8 strain containing the toxic substance citrinin was excluded. Using the EWM-TOPSIS model, the remaining nine safeMonascusstrains were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against pancreatic lipase, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme. The M2 strain with the highest comprehensive scores for lowering blood sugar, blood lipids, and blood pressure was selected. Its fermentation product at a concentration of 3 mg/mL had inhibition rates of 96.938%, 81.903%, and 72.215%, respectively. The contents of the blood lipid-lowering active substance Monacolin K and the blood sugar and blood pressure-lowering active substance GABA were 18.078 mg/g and 5.137 mg/g, respectively. This strain can be utilized for the biosynthesis of important active substances such as Monacolin K and GABA, as well as for the fermentation production of safe and effective functional foods to address health issues like high blood lipids, high blood sugar, and high blood pressure in people. This study also provides insights into the use of natural fungi to produce healthy foods for combating chronic diseases in humans.
研究领域:
微生物学
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食品科学
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药理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
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IF 7.7
Xiaodi Wang,Jingyi Wei,Fufang Tang,Fusheng Chen
Blue light, as an important environmental factor, greatly affects the production of Monascus pigments (MPs) and citrinin in Monascus spp.. In this study, the deletion, complementation, and overexpression mutants of MrcreD from Monascus ruber M7, which encodes an arrestin-like protein, were constructed and cultivated on PDA (Potato dextrose agar) medium to study the effects of blue light on MPs and citrinin production. The results revealed that blue light inhibited the formation of cleistothecia, conidia, and the production of MPs and citrinin in M. ruber M7. However, under blue light, in contrast to M. ruber M7, MrcreD -overexpressing strain displayed increased production of extracellular yellow pigments and intracellular orange pigments, whereas MrcreD -deleted strain showed enhanced production of intracellular yellow and orange pigments. Then, the extracellular citrinin production decreased in both mutants. The RT-qPCR results demonstrated that compared to M. ruber M7, overexpressing MrcreD increased the expression of genes involved in MPs biosynthesis, and decreased the genes involved in citrinin biosynthesis, while deleting MrcreD increased the expression of citrinin-relative genes. This is the first time that the functions of MrcreD gene in filamentous fungi have been researched under blue light, and it provides a strategy for exploring complex light-regulatory systems in filamentous fungi.
研究领域:
微生物学
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分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY
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2023
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IF 3.3
Jialan Zhang,Yufeng Chen,Shaojin Wang,Yingbao Liu,Li Li,Mengxiang Gao
Light, magnetic field, and methylation affected the growth and secondary metabolism of fungi. The regulation effect of the three factors on the growth and Monascus pigments (MPs) synthesis of Monascus purpureus was investigated in this study. 5-azacytidine (5-AzaC), DNA methylation inhibitor, was used to treat M. purpureus (wild-type, WT). Twenty micromolar 5-AzaC significantly promoted the growth, development, and MPs yield. Moreover, 250 lux red light and red light coupled magnetic field (RLCMF) significantly promoted the biomass. For WT, red light, and RLCMF significantly promoted MPs yield. But compared with red light treatment, only 0.2 mT RLCMF promoted the alcohol-soluble MPs yield. For histone H3K4 methyltransferase complex subunit Ash2 gene knockout strain (Δ Ash2 ), only 0.2 mT RLCMF significantly promoted water-soluble MPs yield. Yet red light, 1.0 and 0.2 mT RLCMF significantly promoted alcohol-soluble MPs yield. This indicated that methylation affected the MPs biosynthesis. Red light and weaker MF had a synergistic effect on the growth and MPs synthesis of Δ Ash2 . This result was further confirmed by the expression of related genes. Therefore, histone H3K4 methyltransferase was involved in the regulation of the growth, development, and MPs synthesis of M. purpureus by the RLCMF.
研究领域:
微生物学
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表观遗传学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
·
2025
·Vol. 90
·期 2
·e70020
·
IF 3.4
Xuelian Yang,Rui Zhang,Zichun Qin,Jintao Yao,Tianxin Zhang
This study aimed to prepare meat flavor essence through Monascus purpureus and Actinomucor elegans co-fermentation. The optimal fermentation conditions were determined based on the changes in physicochemical properties during the fermentation process, combined with sensory evaluation. Subsequently, the flavor components of the meat flavor essence were analyzed through solid phase microextraction after undergoing the Maillard reaction from the fermentation broth. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis identified 62 volatile compounds, among which 25 aroma-active substances were detected by aroma extraction dilution analysis/gas chromatography–olfactometry. By calculating the odor activity values (OAVs), seven aroma-active compounds with OAVs > 1 were identified as the most significant contributors to the aroma. Through aroma reconstitution and omission experiments, the accuracy of these key flavor compounds was verified, elucidating each substance's contribution to the essence's overall aroma. This study serves as a foundation for future investigations into the correlation between the flavor of fermented flavorings and their precursor substances, optimizing the mixed-culture fermentation process and enhancing the quality of meat flavor essences.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2016
·Vol. 25
·期 4
·1115-1122
·
IF 0.699
Feng Yanli,Chen Wanping,Chen Fusheng
Monacolin K (MK) produced by Monascus spp. is mostly used to regulate cholesterol level, while it can be contaminated by citrinin, a mycotoxin yielded by some Monascus strains. To develop production of citrinin-free MK, an M . sp. MS-1 strain, identified as M. pilosus by morphologies and internal transcribed spacer sequences analysis, was isolated from red fermented rice. After 14 days of fermentation, yields of citrinin-free MK could be up to 0.58 mg/mL and 16.45 mg/g in liquid- and solidstate fermentation products under optimal conditions, respectively. Further determination revealed that no citrinin biosynthesis related genes such as ctnA , pksCT , ctnE , and ctnR were detected. Thus, HPLC combined with citrinin-related gene analyses can be used for rapid screening of non-citrinin production Monascus strains.
研究领域:
微生物学
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药学
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生物技术
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Xin Yang,Yichun Sun,Xuanchen Li,Nana Zhang,Zhengfang Qi,Anyan Wen,Likang Qin,Haiying Zeng
Monascus -fermented coix seed exhibits enhanced tocopherol accumulation compared to other strains, yet mechanisms remain unclear. Whether Monascus metabolites/enzymes drive this enrichment is worth exploring. Comparative genomics and transcriptomics were employed to analyze secondary metabolite profiles and tocopherol enrichment capabilities across Monascus strains. The results revealed that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derived from amino acid metabolism is channeled into both the Shikimate pathway to generate homogentisic acid (a tocopherol precursor) and the Mevalonate pathway to produce ergosterol and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (another precursor). Furthermore, the total tocopherol content of M1 and M1 + 3 reached 168 and 148 μg/g DW, positively correlating with ergosterol content ( p < 0.05). Transcriptomic data further demonstrated strain-specific differences in tocopherol enrichment, linked to upregulated expression of key genes ( HPPD , ERG4 , MVD , FDPS , GGPS1 ) governing precursor biosynthesis. Crucially, we validated that ergosterol acts as a stimulator of tocopherol synthesis, directly supporting our hypothesis on pathway crosstalk. This study elucidates microbial-driven tocopherol enrichment mechanisms via precursor allocation and transcriptional regulation, providing insights into bioactive compound synthesis in complex metabolic networks.
研究领域:
微生物学
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生物化学
·
功能食品科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food Bioscience
·
2025
·
IF 5.9
Wenjia He,Min Wang,Yicheng Ding,Yuting Ding,Xuxia Zhou
Co-fermentation technology is expected to improve the flavor and quality properties of fermented surimi products. Effects of fermentation with Monascus purpureus ( M. purpureus ) and Actinomucor elegans ( A. elegans ) at different inoculation ratios on the volatile profiles and physicochemical properties of surimi were investigated. Generally, fermentation resulted in significant surimi protein hydrolysis as indicated by increased amino acid nitrogen, TCA-soluble peptide, and free amino acid contents, simultaneously accompanied by decreases in hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of surimi. Co-fermentation effectively improved the volatile profiles of surimi. Comparatively, a higher inoculation ratio of M. purpureus was favorable for the production of esters and ketones, whereas a higher proportion of A. elegans reduced the aldehyde contents, especially nonanal with fishy odor. Taken together, a 1:1 inoculation ratio of M . purpureus and A. elegans was more conductive to improve the aroma profiles of surimi, with a 77.2% reduction of aldehyde compared to unfermented surimi.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications
·
2025
·
IF 6.5
Siyu Liu,Jiaqi Luo,Ying Shi,Qihe Chen
Various bacterial species synthesize bacterial cellulose (BC), each exhibiting unique metabolic pathways and environmental adaptations. Herein, the microbial profile of Monascus vinegar biofilm was analyzed for the first time using metagenome sequencing, and a BC-producing bacteria, Komagataeibacter europaeus FMES, was isolated from Monascus vinegar biofilm and identified as a novel strain. The complete genome of strain FMES was analyzed using whole genome sequencing, revealing carbon metabolism and BC biosynthesis pathways in detail. The biosynthesis of BC is regulated by the bacterial cellulose synthase ( bcs ) operon, and three bcs operons were identified in the genome. Additionally, the BC production of strain FMES was evaluated under static conditions using different carbon sources. The highest BC yield of 5.89 ± 0.38 g/L was achieved using 5% glycerol as the only carbon source. The addition of 3% ethanol enhanced the biosynthesis of BC by K. europaeus FMES. This work brings valuable insights into the isolation of BC-producing strains from fermented foods and the metabolic pathways of BC synthesis, which provides useful information for further biological research on Komagataeibacter spp., and the potential use of BC in medical wound care and sustainable packaging.
研究领域:
微生物学
·
分子生物学
·
生物技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）