SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2023
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IF 8.6
Zidong Tan,Yong Zhen,Chang Wei,Xin Jin,Xingbin Li,Gang Fan,XingGuo Luo
In this study, germanium was selectively extracted using an organic phase containing 3% C7-9 hydroxamic acid (YW100), 15% Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), 35% Tri(octyl-decyl) amine (N235), and 47% kerosene from the Ge-slag sulfuric acid leaching solution. Then, the solution was stripped by the 1 mol/L NH4F solution to obtain a germanium extraction ratio of 99.4% and a stripping ratio of 96.2% after three extraction and stripping stages. The total organic carbon (TOC) was used to characterize the total organic matter amount in the raffinate. Compared to the “YW100 + D2EHPA” extraction system, the “YW100 + D2EHPA + N235” extraction system reduced 80% of the water solubility loss of YW100 and improved the phase separation performance. In addition, the mechanisms of germanium extraction and phase separation improvement were studied. The coordination number of YW100 and germanium is 3, while the coordination number of D2EHPA is 1.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
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2020
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IF 2.369
Cai-bin Zhou,De-song Zhan
The extraction process of rhenium was investigated in the room-temperature ionic liquid 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethane)-sulfonyl)imide ([C5mim][NTf2]) containing N235. At ionic strength ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 mol·kg–1 and temperatures ranging from 293.15 to 318.15 K, the molalities of perrhenate in the aqueous phase were obtained at an extraction equilibrium. The standard extraction constants K0 at diverse temperatures were gained by the Pitzer polynomial approximation method. Thermodynamic characters for the extraction procedure were calculated.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
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2022
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IF 4.217
Wenbo Li,Runnan Guo,Yanjun Li,Zhenhai Dong
In this study, we developed a new method for the efficient extraction and separation of V from direct acid leaching solutions of weathered crust V Ti magnetite using N235/TBP, sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ), and sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) as the extraction system and washing and stripping agents, respectively. The effects of various experimental conditions on the extraction results were investigated, and the extraction efficiency of V was approximately 70% with <4% Fe co-extraction under optimal conditions. A four-stage countercurrent extraction method was used to extract >96% of V and <4.5% of Fe, and the separation factor of V/Fe was 541. Upon washing the V-loaded organic phase with a 0.70 mol/L Na 2 SO 4 solution, >96% of Fe and ~1% of V were removed. Moreover, upon stripping the purified organic phase with a 0.70 mol/L Na 2 CO 3 solution, >98% of V was recovered. The effects of other impurities on the separation of V were negligible. Moreover, the stripped organic phase can be recycled sustainably during extraction. In this study, we selectively separated V and provided a new method for accelerating the purification and enrichment of V, which is present at low concentrations in acid leaching solutions.
研究领域:
冶金学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2021
·
IF 4.156
Linquan Sun,Hongdong Yu,Fancheng Meng,Tao Qi,Shili Zheng,Yihe Peng,Lina Wang
Niobium consumption has burgeoned owing to the increasing application of niobium in critical industries, including the aerospace and oil and gas industries. Conventional metallurgical technologies and separation methods for niobium extraction use highly concentrated HF, which is hazardous to both humans and the environment. A solvent extraction system comprising trioctyl tertiary amine (N235) and 4-methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK) that can extract and separate niobium from an oxalate-containing H 2 SO 4 solution is proposed in this paper. Niobium solutions tend to contain titanium and iron impurities; therefore, the effects of various conditions on the separation of the three elements were investigated. The extraction mechanism and thermodynamics of the process were also examined. Over 82% niobium was extracted at an organic-to-aqueous phase ratio of 1:1 and the H + concentration of 8.29 mol/L using an organic phase with 50 vol% N235 and 50 vol% MIBK as the extractants at 20 °C. Only 18.4% titanium and 3.35% iron were co-extracted. Two stripping processes, both of which further separated niobium and titanium, are also proposed herein. The possible composition of the niobium-containing extraction complex was [(R 3 NH)·NbO(C 2 O 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ], as supported by a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometry . The extraction mechanism was inferred to be the association of R 3 NH + in N235 with the [NbO(C 2 O 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] − from the acidic niobium-containing solution, and the stripping mechanism was concluded to be anion exchange. The enthalpy change (∆H o ) of the extraction system was −11.0 kJ/mol at 288.15–313.15 K, which indicated that niobium extraction from the H 2 SO 4 solution with oxalate using N235 and MIBK was an irreversible exothermic process.
研究领域:
冶金学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
MINERALS ENGINEERING
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2019
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IF 3.315
Tao Zhang,Tao Jiang,Zhihong Liu
The N235–TOP–sulfonated kerosene system was applied for the recovery of Ge(IV) from a synthetic sulfuric acid leaching solution of secondary zinc oxide , containing Ge(IV), Zn(II), As(III), Fe(III), Si(IV), and Cd(II). The co-extraction of As(III) with Ge(IV) is a challenging problem in the extraction of Ge(IV) from aqueous solution by N235. However, TOP, as a modifier, suppressed the co-extraction of As(III) significantly. The effects of factors including N235 concentration, extraction time, tartaric acid to Ge(IV) molar ratio and temperature on the extractions of Ge(IV) and As(III) were studied. At an organic/aqueous (O/A) phase ratio of 1/1, aqueous phase pH of 1.2, extraction time of 10.5 min, tartaric acid-to-Ge(IV) molar ratio of 5.0, and temperature of 25 °C, the extraction efficiency of Ge(IV) reached 93.9%, whereas only 1.3% of As(III) was extracted by the 25%(v/v)N235–10%(v/v) TOP–sulfonated kerosene system in a single stage extraction. The Ge(IV) in the raffinate was less than 1.5 mg/L when employing a five-stage continuous countercurrent extraction at an O/A ratio of 1/10. In addition, aqueous NaOH solution of 0.5 mol/L was an appropriate reagent for the stripping of both Ge(IV) and As(III) at an O/A ratio of 1/1 and 25 °C for 10.0 min.
研究领域:
冶金工程
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2023
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IF 8.6
Ruihui Wu,Ronghao Liu,Xiaoxia Liu,Jianwei Zhang,Wenfeng Xue,Yanzhao Yang
The recovery of Nd(III) from NdFeB permanent magnets is gaining increasing attention. In the rare earth elements separation industry, wastewater produced through saponification has become a serious environmental problem. In this work, a novel non-saponification P350-N235 synergistic extraction system was established for the extraction of Nd(III) from nitric acid medium. Almost 100% of Nd(III) was extracted by using a P350-N235 system when the molar fraction (X) of P350 was 0.3. And the synergistic enhancement factor R max reached 60.03. Firstly, the effects of time, pH, volume ratio and other variables were investigated to determine the extraction behaviors. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions. The mechanism of synergistic extraction was investigated by FT-IR, UV–vis, NMR methods and ESP maps, indicating that the composition of the extracted complex was Nd(NO 3 ) 3 ·(P350) 2.5 (N235) 2.5 . Then, the extraction thermodynamics and kinetics were also thoroughly investigated, the extraction process is demonstrated to be a spontaneously exothermic reaction. In the NdFeB leaching solution, the synergistic system showed excellent separation factor (β) for Nd/Sm (1.43), Nd/Gd (7.33), and Nd/Dy (9.81). Finally, after 5 cycles, the P350-N235 synergistic system maintained high extraction efficiency. In conclusion, this study overcame the saponification problem in traditional extraction techniques and proposed an environmentally friendly green extraction system.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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材料科学
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稀土元素分离
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MINERALS ENGINEERING
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2020
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IF 3.795
Tao Zhang,Tao Jiang,Zhihong Liu
In continuation with our previous work, in the present study, the tertiary amine-trioctyl phosphate-sulfonated kerosene system was employed to recover Ge(IV) from the synthetic leachate of secondary zinc oxide. The effects of different complexing agents (tartaric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, gallic acid, and salicylic acid) and impurities (Zn(II), Fe(III), Cd(II), Si(IV), and As(III)) on the extraction of Ge(IV) were investigated. Under comparable conditions, the extraction of Ge(IV) with the aforementioned complexants had the following order in terms of extraction efficiency: tartaric acid > citric acid > gallic acid > oxalic acid, or salicylic acid. The reason for the low extraction efficiency of Ge(IV) with the addition of oxalic acid was revealed by an extraction comparison using pure germanium and polymetallic solutions. Furthermore, a stoichiometry analysis of the extracted complex indicated that the extracted Ge(IV)-organic species was R 3 NH·Ge(OH) 4 (HT)·0.5TOP with the addition of tartaric acid. The concentration of Ge(IV) in the loaded organic phase was less than 1 mg/L when three-stage countercurrent stripping was adopted at an O/A ratio of 1/3 and 25 °C for 10.5 min.
研究领域:
冶金学
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化学工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2022
·
IF 9.136
Linquan Sun,Xukun Zhang,Lina Wang,Hongdong Yu,Fancheng Meng,Tao Qi,Yihe Peng
A fluoride-free solvent extraction method for niobium separation in leached sulfuric mother liquor of ilmenorutile was proposed in this paper. The extraction system comprising trioctyl tertiary amine (N235) and 4-methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK) demonstrated good extraction efficiency and selectivity of niobium over titanium and iron impurities in sulfuric acid–oxalate solutions. Details of extraction, scrubbing, and stripping processes were investigated herein, and its practical effectiveness in both batch and multi-stage simulated counter-current modes was verified. Over 73.8% niobium was extracted under optimum conditions, and only 2.8% titanium and 1.7% iron were co-extracted. The recovery of niobium reached 99.1% in the four-stage simulated counter-current extraction tests. In the three-stage simulated counter-current stripping tests, the stripping efficiency of niobium reached 99.7% with 2.0 mol/L HNO 3 . Qualified niobium oxide products were prepared. The enthalpy change, entropy change, and the standard Gibbs free energy change (Δ H o , Δ S o , and Δ G o , respectively) corroborated the exothermicity, orderliness, and spontaneity of the reaction. The possible composition of the extraction complex was [NbO(C 2 O 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] − , as supported by a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. The extraction mechanism was inferred to be the outer-sphere complexation through physical binding which was the association of R 3 NH + in N235 with the [NbO(C 2 O 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] − . A preliminary mass balance indicated that 203.92 g Nb 2 O 5 was generated from 1000 g raw material ilmenorutile.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
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IF 9
Ruzhen Zhao,Manxing Huo,Ziwen Ying,Lijuan Liu,Qifeng Wei,Xiulian Ren
Lithium and boron are important strategic resources related to national defense and people’s livelihood. We invented an acidic extraction system N221 for simultaneous extraction of lithium and boron. However, in the process of extracting Li + from acidic extraction system, the pH of the system will inevitably decrease, which will increase the acidity during stripping. Therefore, we propose to add N235 to N221 to form an ion-pair extraction system, so that Li + can enter the organic phase in the form of neutral compound LiCl. The results show that the ion pair system can effectively improve the pH of the system and increase the operating pH range during stripping, and it is not necessary to use acid for stripping. This not only avoids the corrosion of equipment by the use of acid, but also avoids the harm to the environment caused by the use of acid. And the addition of N235 effectively reduced the Mg/Li ratio. Besides, N221 extractant has good regeneration performance and can meet the later industrial practical application. This experiment overcomes the shortcomings of N221 system, and it can be foreseen that this study also has broad application prospects in recovering lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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环境科学
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冶金工程
·
分离技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）