ACS Nano
·
2023
·
IF 17.1
Chunxian Xing,Haoran Da,Peng Yang,Jiawei Huang,Min Gan,Jian Zhou,Yong Li,Haitao Zhang,Binghui Ge,Linfeng Fei
The huge amount of degraded NCM (LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2) cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries is arising as a serious environmental issue as well as a severe waste of metal resources, and therefore, direct recycling of them toward usable electrode materials again is environmentally and economically more attractive in contrast to present metallurgical treatments. In this work, we design a robust two-step method for direct recycling of degraded NCM materials, which uses the aluminum impurity from the attached current collector to supplement the transition metal vacancies for simultaneous elemental compensation and structural restoration. This single-element compensation strategy leads to the regeneration of high-quality NCM material with depressed cation disordering and stabilized layered structure. Moreover, the regenerated NCM material with controllable Al doping delivered an outstanding electrochemical performance; specifically, the capacity (158.6 mAh g–1), rate capability (91.6 mAh g–1 at 5 C), and cycling stability (89.6% capacity retention after 200 cycles) of the regenerated NCM material are even comparable with those of fresh materials. The as-established regeneration protocol has its chance in simplifying the industrial recycling process of degraded NCM materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
·
2024
·
IF 6.9
Yadong Ning,Yanjuan Zhang,Boyuan Zhu,Guangye Wei,Qiang Wang,Jingkui Qu
Due to its potential environmental hazards and the importance of valuable metal supply, the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted widespread attention. The hydrometallurgical process for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries faces the problem of excessive acid consumption and the need for different redox additives to improve the leaching rate of major metals which will result in issues such as resource waste and secondary pollution. In this study, using LFP and NCM as raw materials, the inherent oxidation/reduction characteristics between them were utilized to achieve leaching rates of over 99 % for Ni, Mn, Li, and over 95 % for Co, without the addition of any redox additives under near stoichiometric sulfuric acid . The leaching kinetics and reaction mechanism of different metals indicate that LFP rapidly dissolves in the sulfuric acid solution, with the released Fe 2+ acting as a reducing agent. The subsequent slower reaction between Fe 2+ and NCM becomes the rate-controlling step. Afterwards, the leachate regulated by solution control can be further used to prepare Ni-Co-Mn hydroxide precursors and lithium carbonate after the formation of FePO 4 . This method effectively reduces chemical consumption, mitigates environmental footprint , and achieves highly economical recovery of metals from spent lithium-ion batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN CHINESE UNIVERSITIES
·
2021
·Vol. 37
·期 2
·280-285
·
IF 1.307
Chen Yawei,Wang Shiyang,Jie Yulin,Lei Zhanwu,Cao Ruiguo,Jiao Shuhong
Sodium ion batteries(SIBs) are promising energy storage devices for smart grid applications due to their low cost and the high abundance of sodium, but few cathode materials of SIBs with high energy density are available for practical applications. Herein, a series of NaNCM ternary materials(NCM=nickel-cobalt-manganese) is obtained by solid- phase reaction with well-regulated temperature and other reaction conditions. XRD results show that impure NiO phase is more likely to occur under high nickel content. The cross-section SEM indicates that the primary particles in the electrode materials are radially distributed along the radial direction, and the internal porous structure is conducive to the infiltration of electrolyte. The initial specific capacities of Na[Ni 0.68 Co 0.10 Mn 0.22 ]O 2 (NaNCM712), Na[Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 ]O 2 (NaNCM622) and Na[Ni 0.4 Co 0.3 Mn 0.3 ]O 2 (NaNCM433) at 0.2 C are 165.5, 153.1 and 146.8 mA·h/g, and the corresponding capacity retention rates are 63.2%, 78.5% and 71.7% after 100 cycles. NaNCM712 possesses the highest initial specific capacity, and NaNCM433 delivers the best rate capability. The rate capabilities of high-nickel and low-cobalt NaNCM cathodes need to be further improved. Moreover, ex-situ XRD pattern reveals the structure evolution (from O3 type to P2 type) during a long cycling charge and discharge process.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Yuan Xiao,Rong Gu,Tingting Zheng,Bowen Chang,Qiaoxia Li,Shuaiqi Gong,Xin Wei,Qunjie Xu,Yulin Min
A fundamental challenge in the advancement of advanced battery materials is the need to achieve a balance between electrode structural integrity and interfacial charge transfer kinetics via the modification of the electrode interface. In this study, we propose an interfacial reconstruction of LiNi 0.6 Co 0.1 Mn 0.3 O 2 (NCM 613) by wet coating Nb 2 O 5 and high-temperature annealing treatment, and successfully doped the electrode surface with the construction of Nb 5+ and LiNbO 3 fast ion channels. Combined with in-situ analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to provide a comprehensive understanding of the electrochemical behavioural relationships between Li, O and Nb, the resulting structure accelerates the charge transfer kinetics at the electrode interface, resulting in fast Li + migration and high ionic conductivity. Furthermore, the doping of the surface with Nb 5+ also serves to mitigate the occurrence of lattice distortion and the release of lattice oxygen from the electrode during Li + insertion/extraction. Consequently, the modified NCM 613 displays high Li-ion conductivity (15.11 S m −1 ), prolonged cycle stability at high voltages (4.5 V, 175.40 mAh g −1 ), and the assembled Li||NCM 613 pouch cell (0.5 Ah) demonstrated a capacity retention of 75.16 % after 100 cycles of cycling at 0.5 C. This in situ surface modification strategy offers a viable approach for the development of advanced cathode materials with practical applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2024
·
IF 7.4
Wan-Jing Yu,Yi Li,Bochuan Deng,Jing Wang,Gaoqiang Mao,Hui Tong,Hanbing He,Xueyi Guo
The recovery of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is an important approach to solve the global shortage of lithium resource. Considering the difference in stability of various metal element chlorides in Ni-Co-Mn ternary (NCM) cathode materials, lithium element was selectively and high-efficiently extracted from spent ternary NCM cathode material by ammonium chloride roasting in oxygen atmosphere followed by water leaching. The effects of roasting temperature, roasting time, and NH 4 Cl dosage on lithium leaching efficiency and selectivity were systematically investigated. In addition, the conversion mechanism during chloride roasting was discussed in detail in conjunction with thermodynamic analysis as well as structural and compositional characterizations. After roasting with NH 4 Cl in oxygen atmosphere at 600°C, the spent NCM cathode material was thoroughly decomposed and converted into mixture of LiCl, NiO, and MnCo 2 O 4 . Due to the high aqueous solubility of LiCl, more than 95 % of the lithium in the mixture was leached in ∼30 minutes at room temperature, and Li 2 CO 3 with a purity of 99.40 % can be obtained in the subsequent recovery process. This simple and efficient method can be generally useful for the recovery of a wide range of spent cathode materials and provide inspiration for the lithium recovery process of spent LIBs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2020
·
IF 6.215
Jianhui Li,Xuerui Yang,Xiongcong Guan,Rude Guo,Yanxia Che,Jianlian Lan,Lidan Xing,Mengqing Xu,Weizhen Fan,Weishan Li
Energy density of lithium ion batteries based on transition metal oxide cathodes can be enhanced by increasing the end-off charge voltage to a great extent, because the cathodes can deliver a larger specific discharge capacity under an elevated charge voltage. However, this operation is always accompanied by the oxygen evolution from the cathode oxides, which might cause the crystal destruction of the cathode oxides and the severe electrolyte decomposition on the cathodes, leading to the fast failure of the batteries . In this work, we report a new finding that the oxygen evolution in graphite/LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 pouch cell can be efficiently suppressed and thus the cyclic stability of the cell is significantly improved by using tributyl borate (TBB) as electrolyte additive , even under 4.5 V. Electrochemical tests indicate that, with adding 1 wt% TBB to the electrolyte, the capacity retention of the cell is enhanced from in 35.1% to 94.9% after 120 cycles. The physical characterizations combining theoretical calculations demonstrate that the B-containing species in the cathode electrolyte interphase, originated from the oxidation of TBB, present a strong combination with oxygen and suppress efficiently the oxygen evolution.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nano Energy
·
2025
·
IF 17.1
Dong Wang,Hongmei Cao,Jiao Wang,Junhao Liu,Xuzhong Gong,Tao Qi,Zhi Wang
The preparation of LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 (NCM) cathode through molten salt (MSs) reaction has great advantage in electrochemical performance due to its uniform and well-controlled reaction environment. However, the critical role of O 2- which acts as the essential reactant has never been considered. Here, homogeneous NCM523 cathode particles with low Li/Ni intermixing were synthesized in LiCl-containing molten salts, benefiting from the excellent O 2- dissolving capability of LiCl. The critical role of LiCl shows that it can either promote the uniform crystallization or leads to the collapse of the layered structure. Furthermore, by considering both O 2- solubility and low melting point, the prepared NCM523 cathode shows high specific capacity (173 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C, 4.3–2.8 V) and excellent capacity retention (96 % after 150 cycles at 1 C cycling). The NCM cathode preparing process in molten LiCl containing MSs shows both advance in thermodynamics and kinetics. This approach can also be successfully extended to other NCM cathode materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
储能
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2021
·
IF 10.588
Theoneste Nshizirungu,Masud Rana,Young Tae Jo,Jeong-Hun Park
To date, numerous studies have explored recycling of lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese (NCM) from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Nevertheless, the leaching and efficient separation of the precious metals from NCM active cathode material via an environmentally benign and economical process is still challenging. Therefore, in this research, we present a novel and energy an efficient route through which to leach valuable metals, for example, lithium (Li), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn) from the NCM cathode material of the waste LIBs using water-containing waste chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in a batch reactor . Parameters such as temperature, time, liquid-solid, and mass ratios on the extraction efficiencies of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn were carefully examined. The outcomes show that CPVC performed better than PVC for the extraction of valuable metals from NCM material, and this was attributed to its high Cl contents. The maximum extraction efficiencies of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn (99.15%, 98.10%, 99.30%, and 100%, respectively) were achieved under optimized reaction conditions: a temperature of 290 °C, reaction time of 1 h, a liquid-solid ratio 60:1 mL/g and solid to solid mass ratio of 1:3. The apparent activation energies (Ea) for Li, Ni, Co, and Mn were computed to be (24.42, 28.85, 29.67, and 28.79) kJ/mol. The results obtained in this work, indicated that it may contribute to efforts aiming to reduce industrial chemical consumption and increase sustainability in waste management technique.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2025
·Vol. 18
·期 19
·4457
·
IF 3.2
Xiangli Wen,Mingkun Bi,Lvzhou Li,Jianning Ding
During the homogenization process of lithium battery slurry, the slurry shearing process causes the surface of the homogenization equipment to wear and generate metal containing debris, which poses a risk of inducing battery self-discharge and even explosion. Therefore, inhibiting wear of homogenizing equipment is imperative, and systematic investigation into the wear behavior and underlying mechanisms of SUS304 stainless steel during homogenization is urgently required. In this study, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) cathode slurries were used as research objects. Changes in surface parameters, microstructure, and elemental composition of the wear region on SUS304 stainless steel under different working conditions were characterized. The results indicate that in the SUS304-lithium-ion battery slurry system, the potential wear mechanism of SUS304 gradually evolves with changes in load and rotational speed, following the order: adhesive wear (low speed, low load) → abrasive wear (medium speed, high load) → fatigue wear (high speed). Under high-load and high-rotational-speed conditions, oxidative corrosion wear on the ball–disc contact surface is particularly pronounced. Additionally, wear of SUS304 is more severe in the LFP slurry system compared to the NCM system. Macroscopic experiments also revealed that the speed effect is a core factor influencing the wear of SUS304, and the increase in its wear rate is more than twice that caused by the load effect. This study helps to clarify the wear behavior and wear mechanism evolution of homogenization equipment during the lithium battery homogenization process, providing data support and optimization direction for subsequent material screening and surface strengthening treatment of homogenization equipment components.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
表面工程
·
锂离子电池制造
·
摩擦学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9
Wensen Liu,Yuxiang Du,Lanxuan Wei,Xiaolin Peng,Yaoxian Hu,Binbin Zhou,Yan Li,Shenghuan Liu,Zhaowu Zhu,Hui Su
Solvation extraction (metal extraction via a solvation mechanism) enables the recovery of multiple metal ions (e.g., Li, Co(II), Zn, Mn(II)) from chloride solutions without alkali consumption or waste production. However, effective alkali-free Ni(II) extraction reagents are lacking, leading to obstacles throughout the recovery route. In this study, three pyridine carboxamides, namely, N-2-ethylhexylpyridine-3-formamide (MEH3), N-2-ethylhexylpyridine-4-formamide (MEH4), and N, N-bis(isooctyl)pyridine-4-carboxamide (DH4) were used to extract Ni(II) and Co(II) without pH adjustment, and the results showed that the order of extraction ability for Ni(II) is MEH3 > MEH4 > DH4. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that the extraction ability of Ni(II) may be related to the binding energies of the Ni(II) complexes. The MEH3 system was selected as the optimal choice for Ni and Co recovery from the chloride leaching solutions of the NCM battery materials. Using 178.8 g/L Mn(II) as a salting-out agent, >99 % Ni(II) and 99 % Co(II) were extracted in three-stage batch continuous tests at an O/A ratio of 7:1. The concentrations of Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), and Cu(II) in the organic phase during the first stage were 3.9, 1.7, 1.1, and 0.3 g/L, respectively, and Ca, Mg, and Al impurities were barely extracted. Ni(II) and Co(II) were stripped using deionised water. Under an O/A of 15:1, the single-stage stripping efficiency of Ni(II) and Co(II) reached 88.5 % and 98.3 %, respectively, with concentrations reaching 47.0 and 7.5 g/L, respectively. Mn(II) and Li in the solution were co-extracted and recovered using a TBP (tributyl phosphate) /FeCl 3 extraction system. Based on these results, a closed-loop process for recovering Ni, Co, and Mn from spent NCM battery materials is proposed.
研究领域:
冶金
·
环境工程
·
化学工程
·
材料科学
·
可持续技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nanomaterials
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 8
·1324
·
IF 5.719
Limin Ou,Shengheng Nong,Ruoxi Yang,Yaoying Li,Jinrong Tao,Pan Zhang,Haifu Huang,Xianqing Liang,Zhiqiang Lan,Haizhen Liu,Dan Huang,Jin Guo,Wenzheng Zhou
Compared with the polycrystalline system, the single-crystalline ternary cathode material has better cycle stability because the only primary particles without grain boundaries effectively alleviate the formation of micro/nanocracks and retain better structural integrity. Therefore, it has received extensive research attention. There is no consistent result whether tungsten oxide acts as doping and/or coating from the surface modification of the polycrystalline system. Meanwhile, there is no report on the surface modification of the single-crystalline system by tungsten oxide. In this paper, multirole surface modification of single-crystalline nickel-rich ternary cathode material LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2by WO3is studied by a simple method of adding WO3followed by calcination. The results show that with the change in the amount of WO3added, single-crystalline nickel-rich ternary cathode material can be separately doped, separately coated, and both doped and coated. Either doping or coating effectively enhances the structural stability, reduces the polarization of the material, and improves the lithium-ion diffusion kinetics, thus improving the cycle stability and rate performance of the battery. Interestingly, both doping and coating (for SC-NCM622-0.5%WO3) do not show a more excellent synergistic effect, while the single coating (for SC-NCM622-1.0%WO3) after eliminating the rock-salt phase layer performs the most excellent modification effect.Keywords:nickel-rich NCM;single-crystalline;surface modification;WO3
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management
·
2025
·
IF 3
Lou Wen-bo,Liu Dong-yan,Zhao Da,Wang Yun,Sun Zi-cheng,Zou Yi,Niu Xiao-wei,Cheng Quan-guo,Li Jian-zhong,Liu Hong-hui
The recovery of NCM (LiNi x Co y Mn 1-x-y O 2 , abbreviated as NCM) cathode materials from retired lithium-ion batteries is a research hotspot in resource recycling field. Nevertheless, due to aluminum impurities mixed in raw materials, Li(I) and Al(III) ions are easy to combine to form water-insoluble LiAlO 2 during reduction, affecting Li(I) ions’ water-leaching efficiency. In this study, the LiAlO 2 formation environment is analyzed. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that there is generally less spontaneity in the reaction of Li (I) ions with aluminum monomers compared to Al 2 O 3 , and the introduction of CO 2 can inhibit Li-Al-O substance production. Li-Al binding experiments show that there is almost no direct reaction between Li 2 CO 3 and aluminum monomers, but under Ar atmosphere, Li 2 CO 3 and Al 2 O 3 can easily lead to Li-Al binding, a kinetic analysis considers that binding is controlled by chemical reaction, with an activation energy of 57.78 kJ/mol, and the activation energy increases to 88.028 kJ/mol with CO 2 atmosphere. Under reduced optimization conditions (reduction temperature: 500 °C, time: 6 h, and m NCM : m Al = 1: 0.25), the carbonation water-leaching efficiency can reach 95.1% for Li(I) ions and less than 1% for Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), and Al(III) ions. Thus, this work offers a theoretical basis for the industrial Li(I) ions’ recovery from aluminum-containing NCM materials.
研究领域:
资源回收
·
材料科学
·
环境化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）