JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
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2020
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IF 2.485
Yi-Chuan Liu,Ya-Lan Liu,Yuan Zhao,Zhe Liu,Tong Zhou,Qing Zou,Xian Zeng,Yu-Ke Zhong,Mei Li,Zhong-xuan Sun,Wei-Qun Shi
For UO 2 -based spent fuel , it is usually electrochemically reduced and then refined in molten salt with respect to the so-called pyrochemical reprocessing approach. In this work, we report a new method with the assistance of NH 4 Cl to directly achieve convenient separation of UO 2 over La 2 O 3 in Ar atmosphere which does not require an electrochemical process . According to the results from both powder and pellet samples, the separation is achieved by dissolving La 2 O 3 into the LiCl–KCl molten salt with NH 4 Cl, whilst UO 2 cannot be dissolved and remains in solid form. It was found that the dissolution kinetics of La 2 O 3 in the powder sample was fast and its removal efficiency in the mixture of La 2 O 3 and UO 2 was high, but a specific amount of UO 2 was also dissolved, which lead to a low recovery efficiency of UO 2 . In contrast, when the pellet samples after sintering at 1473 K were used, the recovery efficiency of UO 2 can be increased. Nevertheless, the dissolution kinetics of La 2 O 3 was correspondingly reduced, and more NH 4 Cl was required to complete the dissolution reaction . By improving and optimizing the experimental conditions, the UO 2 recovery efficiency of 92.0% can be achieved, while the removal efficiency of La 2 O 3 was 94.4%. More importantly, this novel separation method may be also useful for the separation of UO 2 over mixed lanthanide oxides.
研究领域:
核化学与化工
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
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2023
·Vol. 129
·期 11
·1-7
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IF 2.7
Yin Qianliu,Zhang Fanfan,Teng Yanlin,Peng Cong,Wang Chaonan,Jin Yonglong,Xu Meifeng,Xu Tian
Different concentrations of NH 4 Cl are introduced to MAPbI 3 precursor solution, planar MAPbI 3 perovskite films, and solar cells’ performance with or without NH 4 Cl have been studied. The NH 4 Cl/MAPbI 3 films exhibit increased grain size and narrowed grain boundaries. The light absorption of perovskite films with different concentrations of NH 4 Cl was also evaluated. To understand the growth of perovskite films with NH 4 Cl added to perovskite precursor solutions, XRD and XPS spectroscopy were conducted on different perovskite film samples. By adding NH 4 Cl, the MAPbI 3 film shows good crystal quality and the shift of Pb peaks indicates that NH 4 Cl is not physically mixed but chemically incorporated into MAPbI 3 films. We attribute the effect to Cl ions of NH 4 Cl combining with free lead ions of MAPbI 3 so as to fill the vacancy of volatile I ions in the NH 4 Cl–MAPbI 3 films. The 20 mg NH 4 Cl-based device showed an enhanced performance of a PCE of 13.67% compared to the device without adding NH 4 Cl with a PCE of 10.24%. The introduction of 20 mg NH 4 Cl achieved the best passivation effect. Using a 20 mg NH 4 Cl device, the trap density can be reduced to 0.84 × 10 16 cm −3 , resulting in more efficient charge removal from the surface and improved performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
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太阳能
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化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
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2022
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IF 8.91
Qiren Wang,Xin Ma,Shuai Wang,Zhanfang Cao,Zongwei Hua,Hong Zhong
Sintering dust from the steelmaking industry is a hazardous waste that is rich in valuable metals. The purpose with the present study has been to design an efficient process for the preparation of K 2 SO 4 and NH 4 Cl fertilizers by using sintering dust as raw material. The K, S, and Cl in the sintering dust were selectively and efficiently leached using water. The leaching of Ca impurities was then greatly reduced and the appearance of Zn and Mg was avoided. The Cl − ions in the leachate were, thereafter, adsorbed by a 201 × 7 resin to form a K 2 SO 4 solution. Finally, the loaded Cl − on the resin was desorbed to form a NH 4 Cl solution, and the resin was regenerated and recycled. The purified solutions were crystallized to prepare K 2 SO 4 (s) and NH 4 Cl(s) products, which met the national standard of China for superior potassium sulfate and ammonium chloride , to be used for agricultural use. The recoveries of K, Cl, and S from the sintering dust were 80.78%, 92.63%, and 93.92%, respectively. Notably, the Mn content in the leaching residue increased from 9.08% to 14.19%. This could be used for the conversion of Mn impurities into recyclable manganese-rich raw materials. This green process enables an effective extraction of important impurities in hazardous sintering dust, thereby providing a new potassium source for potash fertilizer manufacturing with notable economic and environmental benefits.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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材料科学
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农业
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2024
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IF 4.9
Kexin Li,Mingzhe Dong,Li Han,Mingzhen Li,Huifang Zhang,Xiushen Ye,Haining Liu,Siyuan Zhang,Quan Li,Honghui Liu,Guosheng Shi,Zhijian Wu
The electrolytic production of magnesium metal requires anhydrous MgCl 2 with a high-purity, which is usually prepared through the dehydration of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O at a relatively high temperature. The Mg 2+ cations in MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O have a high affinity for water and the complete dehydration of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O is difficult due to the hydrolysis of the hydrated Mg 2+ cations. The hydrolysis usually results in the formation of unwanted oxycompounds of magnesium. In this study, the effects of the addition of AlCl 3 and NH 4 Cl on the dehydration of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O were investigated by comparing the thermal decomposition processes of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O, MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O/AlCl 3 , and MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O/NH 4 Cl, using Raman, FT-IR, TG-DSC, XRD techniques and theoretical calculations. It was found that the addition of AlCl 3 or NH 4 Cl significantly reduces the dehydration energy barrier of MgCl 2 ⋅6H 2 O, decreases the dehydration temperature, and suppresses the hydrolysis of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O. Anhydrous AlCl 3 can extract water from MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O at room temperature. The interactions between Al 3+ or NH 4 + and H 2 O, together with the substitution of Cl - for H 2 O, result in the easier production of anhydrous MgCl 2 . During the dehydration of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O, several impurities including MgO are generated, indicating that the environment remains to be an important controlling factor for the dehydration of MgCl 2 ⋅6H 2 O. The results obtained would be helpful for understanding the dehydration processes and mechanisms of MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O under the assistance of AlCl 3 and NH 4 Cl, and for exploring new techniques for MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O dehydration.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING
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2021
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IF 3.927
Hongbing Song,Lei Liu,Haozhong Wang,Bingxiao Feng,Meng Xiao,Yubao Tang,Xiaofei Qu,Hengjun Gai,Tingting Huang
The development of a photocatalyst with high activity, large specific surface area and precise band gap adjustment is the focus of the field of photocatalysis in realizing energy conversion and improving environmental issues. In this paper, a simple synthesis process for co-doping of KCl and NH 4 Cl to precisely adjust the band gap of g-C 3 N 4 was developed. Various characterization results show that doping with KCl and NH 4 Cl can reduce the band gap of the carbon nitride , increase its visible light absorption, improve its carrier separation efficiency, thus showing good photocatalytic activity . Cl and K enter the g-C 3 N 4 layers via intercalation and form a dual-element charge transport channel between these layers, thereby facilitating the transport of electrons. The introduction of NH 4 Cl increases the specific surface area of the composite, thus providing abundant adsorption and reaction sites. The co-loaded photocatalyst CN-NH 4 Cl-0.05KCl was used to degrade rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline (TC) and showed excellent photocatalytic activity. A possible mechanism of photocatalytic degradation is proposed based on the analytic results.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials Today Communications
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2025
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IF 4.5
Dong Kong,Lu Mei,Guoyun Tang,Bingsheng Xu,Zhuo Chen,Zhangfu Yuan
Super-hydrophobic nickel-cobalt (Ni-Co) alloy coating was fabricated on Q235 steel by single-step electrodeposition, without any post-treatment with low-surface-energy agents. The influence of NH 4 Cl concentration on surface morphology, chemical composition, thickness, crystal structure, wettability, and corrosion performance was systematically investigated. Characterization techniques included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a contact-angle goniometer, while corrosion behavior was evaluated by Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the addition of crystal modifier NH 4 Cl did not affect the thickness and phase structure of Ni-Co coating but affected the composition and micro-morphology of the coating. With the increase of NH 4 Cl concentration, the cobalt content of the coatings gradually decreased, the nickel content gradually increased, and the micromorphology of the coatings changed from a prismatic cone-like structure to a sea urchin-like micro-nano structure. The contact angle of the Ni-Co coating prepared by 150 g/L NH 4 Cl was 152.56°, showing stable super-hydrophobicity, the self-corrosion current density ( I corr ) of the coating was the smallest, and the polarization resistance ( R p ) was the largest, which had the best corrosion resistance. After 12 h immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl the coating retained its morphology and a contact angle above 150°, with only minor localized corrosion products, confirming durable super-hydrophobicity and superior anticorrosion performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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表面工程
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腐蚀科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
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2019
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IF 7.943
Zhaohui Huang,Hui Chen,Lei Zhao,Wei Fang,Xuan He,Weixin Li,Pan Tian
Owing to insufficient active sites, strongly bound excitons and insufficient optical absorption, polymer semiconductors have only shown mild activity as potential candidates for photocatalysis. A g-C 3 N 4 with improved optical absorption capacity, charge transfer performance and porosity was successfully prepared by a one-step NH 4 Cl-assisted route. Interaction of melamine with NH 4 Cl preparation of Porous g-C 3 N 4 (CN-xy) with active functional groups modified pore wall shown to result in highly crystalline species with a maximum π-π layer stacking distance of heptazine units of 0.321 nm, decreases the optical band gap from 2.80 to 2.13 eV and maximum surface area reached 56.485 m 2 g −1 . The balanced improvement of the multiple defects of g-C 3 N 4 makes the photocatalytic degradation of RhB and the photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency 4 and 5 times higher than the pristine g-C 3 N 4 , respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
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2025
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IF 7.9
Xiangfeng Zhao,Pengfei Liu,Jianglin Xu,Sulu Sheng,Lihui Jia,Zhimin Chen
Hierarchical porous carbon is an ideal electrode material in the electrochemical energy storage, but the relatively single distribution of micropores has poor universality for different electrolytes, especially for the electrolytes with large ion sizes. Herein, a simple strategy for enhancing the electrochemical performance of biomass-based porous carbon by constructing hierarchical nano micropores is developed, using NH 4 Cl as in-situ catalytic dehydration agent of high molecular polysaccharide polymer, and ZnCl 2 as synergistic dehydration activator. The hierarchical nano micropores greatly improves the capacitance, rate performance, and electrochemical stability of corn straw-derived porous carbon in KOH, Na 2 SO 4 and ZnSO 4 electrolytes. In 1 M Na 2 SO 4 system with large-sized ion, the specific capacitance of CSPC-N-850 electrode can increase from 124.4 to 260.4 F g −1 , the rate performance increase from 63.8 % to 80.4 %, and without capacity degradation in ultra-high current density of 10 A g −1 after 100,000 charge/discharge cycles. In addition, CSPC-N-850 electrode also exhibits excellent electrochemical performances in zinc ion hybrid capacitor with a high specific capacity of 135.7 mAh g −1 at 0.2 A g −1 , good energy density of 99.6 Wh kg −1 at the power density of 412.1 W kg −1 , and 100 % of capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 1 A g −1 .
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学能源存储
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 9
Yang Peng,Xianqing Zhu,Qian Shen,Yun Huang,Ao Xia,Jingmiao Zhang,Xun Zhu,Qiang Liao
Co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) of microalgae and lignocellulosic biomass can boost co-hydrochar yield and nitrogen retention rate, but the co-hydrochar still suffers from low nitrogen content and porosity. Accordingly, in this study, FeCl 3 , NH 4 Cl and melamine were employed as additives to intensify the co-HTC process of microalgae (CP) and corn stalk (CS), and their impacts on the co-hydrochar yield, physicochemical properties and nitrogen transformation pathways were firstly investigated comprehensively. The results indicated that adding FeCl 3 increased co-hydrochar’s specific surface area, but the oxidation power of Fe 3+ facilitated nitrogen into the aqueous-phase products, leading to the nitrogen distribution in aqueous-phase products reaching up to 83.51 %. Melamine incorporation increased the nitrogen content of co-hydrochar (6.95 %) and oil-phase products, while reduced co-hydrochar’s porosity. NH 4 Cl was the most effective additive for nitrogen-doped hydrochar production, simultaneously increasing the yield (40.24 %), nitrogen content (8.93 %) and specific surface area (9.12 m 2 g −1 ) of co-hydrochar. The nitrogen transformation mechanism during NH 4 Cl-assisted co-HTC process could be divided into two stages. At the first stage (200 ℃–240 ℃), the NH 4 + in NH 4 Cl could react with hydrolysis intermediates (Maillard and Mannich reactions) to generate heterocyclic nitrogen compounds entering the oil-phase, which would further react with the oxygen-containing functional groups to facilitate the nitrogen enrichment in the co-hydrochar. At the second stage (240 ℃–280 ℃), a portion of hydrochar would undergo secondary degradation and formed water-soluble nitrogen-rich small molecules, which were transferred to the aqueous-phase products again. This study demonstrated the high feasibility of additive-assisted co-HTC for producing high-quality nitrogen-rich carbon materials.
研究领域:
环境科学
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生物质能
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
DESALINATION
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2025
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IF 9.8
Weihong Wang,Fei Li,Jie Liu,Yingying Zhao,Xiaofu Guo,Shizhao Wang,Zhiyong Ji
The treatment of wastewater and exhaust gas is the main issues in the environment protection field. A bipolar membrane electrodialysis metathesis (BP-EDM) process was proposed for the regeneration of MDEA and resourcelization of NH 4 Cl wastewater in the rare earth ores industry. The operating voltage had a favorable impact on augmenting both the MDEA regeneration rate and the desalination rate, accompanied by an increase in energy consumption. The increase in C(S):C(N) could reduce system energy consumption and enhance current efficiency when the ratio of C(S):C(N) was lower than 1:3.5. The increase of concentration of SO 4 2− in spent MDEA solution was advantageous for elevating the concentrations of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and HCl solution, but accompanied by a decline in both the regeneration rate of MDEA and the desalination rate. The regeneration rate of MDEA and removal rate of HSS could reach 94.57 % and 93.11 %, respectively. Meanwhile, 43.83 g/L (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and 22.77 g/L HCl solutions could be produced. The energy consumption was only 0.33 kWh/kg MDEA, and the product cost was only 0.22 $/kg MDEA. The BP-EDM has shown great prospects as a cost-effective method for treatment and reclamation of wastewater and exhaust gas, and will play a pivotal role in the stable, efficient, and low-consumption operation of the absorption process by the regeneration and utilization of the MDEA absorbent.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化工工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Reaction Chemistry & Engineering
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2024
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IF 3.4
Xinyue Zhang,Lin Yuan,Yu Zhang,Xinyu Shu,Renjie Li,Qunfen Deng,Zilong Zhang,Rui Yang
In this work, a modified graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4), used as an efficient photocatalyst, was successfully prepared by employing melamine as a precursor and ammonium chloride as a gas template agent, in conjunction with a two-step calcination strategy to manipulate the polymerization process of melamine. The relevant characterization results indicated that the modified catalyst had loose structure and more active sites, which increased the specific surface area, inhibited the recombination of light-generated electron–hole pairs, and then promoted the generation of active substances. The photocatalytic performance of the catalyst was evaluated using rhodamine B (RhB) as a template under visible light irradiation. The results demonstrated that the secondary calcination temperature significantly influenced the performance of the catalyst. At the optimum secondary calcination temperature (∼650 °C, denoted as 650-CN-2), the reaction rate constant was estimated to be 0.1163 min−1, which was 30.4 and 2.71 times higher than that of pure CN and CN-2, respectively, while achieving a degradation rate of 97% within 30 min. Radical trapping experiments and ESR analysis confirmed that the superoxide free radical (·O2−) serves as the primary active species in photocatalytic degradation. This work not only expanded research ideas for the optimal temperature of the secondary calcination method, but also provided a useful exploration for the efficient synthesis path of catalysts.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
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2025
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IF 1.5
Ya-Yuan Zheng,Ting M. A.,Huai-Ming D. U.
Ammonium chloride (NH 4 CI) finds extensive applications across numerous sectors such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture, necessitating enhancement in the quality of crystal products and precision in designing the NH 4 CI crystallization process. In this paper, we conducted an investigation into the solubility and supersolubility of NH 4 CI in H 2 O-Ethylene Glycol(EG) binary system with various proportions via dynamic laser method. We utilized the Apelblat model, Van’t Hoff model, and Redlich-Kister model to correlate the experimental findings, and derived thermodynamic parameters through these correlations. Further, we determined the solid-liquid surface tension and crystal surface entropy factor of NH 4 CI in the system using the Mersmann equation and Barata equation, thereby providing essential input for understanding crystallization kinetics. Afterward, we meticulously examined the crystallization kinetics of NH₄Cl in the H₂O-EG solvent by utilizing the batch dynamic approach. We established equations that correlated the rates of crystal nucleation and growth obtained through regression analysis. Additionally, we explored in - depth the effects of supersaturation and suspension density on the crystallization kinetics of NH₄Cl. Our results reveal that the dissolution of NH 4 CI in the binary solvent system under different proportions takes place as a non-spontaneous endothermic process, and importantly, the Redlich-Kister model appears to offer a superior comprehension of the solubility of NH 4 CI. An increase in supersaturation and stirring rate augments both the growth and nucleation rates, while an increase in suspension density elevates the nucleation rate. These research findings are expected to be advantageous for those designers involved in the industrial crystallization process of NH₄Cl.
研究领域:
化学工程
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药学
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材料科学
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热力学
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工业结晶
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）