Sodium oxalate (Na 2 C 2 O 4 ) is an excellent phosphorus-free agent, but in sodium oxalate-containing detergents with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), significant ash deposition occurs on cotton fabrics. SDBS is the main anionic surfactant in modern detergents and cotton fiber is the most commonly used textile fiber. In this study, sodium lignosulfonate (LS) was investigated for its ability to prevent redeposition in SDBS-Na 2 C 2 O 4 -CMC-LS formulations. The effects of LS on ash content, whiteness, optimum washing temperature, calcium oxalate morphology, zeta potential and surface tension were carefully analyzed. The results showed that the addition of LS significantly improved the prevention of ash deposits on cotton fibers. The ash content was less than 0.46% and a small amount of particles were scattered on the cotton fibers. LS showed good dispersibility but had little effect on the washing power and zeta-potential.
Rechargeable Na-CO 2 batteries are promising energy-storage devices due to their high energy density, environmental friendliness, and cost effectiveness. However, the insulating nature and irreversibility of the Na 2 CO 3 discharge product cause large polarization and poor cyclicity. Here, we report a reversible quasi-solid-state Na-CO 2 battery that is constructed by the synergistic action of a Co-encapsulated N-doped carbon framework catalyst and gel electrolyte to ensure the formation of a highly reversible Na 2 C 2 O 4 discharge product. Experiments and density functional theory calculations indicate that the electron-agglomeration effect of Co nanoparticles enhances CO 2 adsorption and lowers energy barrier, as well as promotes Na 2 C 2 O 4 generation. A gel electrolyte containing an imidazole organic cation is used to inhibit the decomposition of the thermodynamically unstable Na 2 C 2 O 4 . The fabricated Na-CO 2 battery exhibits a high discharge capacity of 3,094 mAh g −1 , a high-rate performance of 1,777 mAh g −1 at a current density of 0.5 mA cm −2 , and excellent cycling performance of 366 cycles (2,200 h).
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