Yiqun Cao,Jiarong Liu,Qingxin Ma,Chunyan Zhang,Peng Zhang,Tianzeng Chen,Yonghong Wang,Biwu Chu,Xiuhui Zhang,Joseph S. Francisco,Hong He
We present a novel mechanism for the formation of photocatalytic oxidants in deliquescent NaCl particles, which can greatly promote the multiphase photo-oxidation of SO2 to produce sulfate. The photoexcitation of the [Cl––H3O+–O2] complex leads to the generation of Cl and OH radicals, which is the key reason for enhancing aqueous-phase oxidation and accelerating SO2 oxidation. The mass normalization rate of sulfate production from the multiphase photoreaction of SO2 on NaCl droplets could be estimated to be 0.80 × 10–4 μg·h–1 at 72% RH and 1.33 × 10–4 μg·h–1 at 81% RH, which is equivalent to the known O3 liquid-phase oxidation mechanism. Our findings highlight the significance of multiphase photo-oxidation of SO2 on NaCl particles as a non-negligible source of sulfate in coastal areas. Furthermore, this study underscores the importance of Cl– photochemistry in the atmosphere.
The sodium-nickel chloride (Na-NiCl 2 ) batteries technology has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for large-scale electrical energy storage application owing to its abundant electrode material resource, high energy density and safety. However, ultra-excessive Ni in the cathode leads to high material cost and the growth of cathode particles during cycles makes degradation of batteries performances, which hinder the further application of Na-NiCl 2 batteries. To address these challenges, we designed a free-standing Ni-less cathode with Ni/NaCl particles uniformly distributed in the three-dimensional (3D) conductive matrix constructed by carbonfiber (CF) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The 3D hierarchical structure synthesized by low-cost vacuum filtration method can offer sufficient void space to accommodate the growth of NaCl particles and effectively enhance the electronic conductivity of the cathode. When the molar ratio of Ni/NaCl in the cathode is reduced to 1.0, a specific capacity of 90 mAh g −1 for planar Na-NiCl 2 batteries can be achieved after 170 cycles at 190 °C with a capacity retention of 67%, which is higher than that of traditional tubular Na-NiCl 2 batteries.
Shi Qiu,Fengdong Sun,Chen You,Chaokun Tang,Baoli Zhou,Shuquan Zhang,Jiangtao Feng,Aixian Tian,Minfang Chen
Through preparing the porous Zn-0.8Li scaffolds with 50–70 % porosity by using NaCl particles as pore-forming agents in the range of 150–350 µm and 350–550 µm with the infiltration casting method, the present study investigated the pore structure , mechanical properties and weight loss in simulated body fluids (SBF), and conducted the cellular activity and in vivo degradation experiments on porous Zn-0.8Li scaffolds before and after chitosan coating treatment. The results showed that the porous samples with small pore size had higher mechanical properties and lower degradation rate. However, with relatively higher average porosity and through-porosity, the porous samples with large pore size showed better pore connectivity, which provided channels for nutrient transport and promoted the lateral growth of internal tissues. In terms of cell experiments, chitosan coated Zn-0.8Li scaffolds with large pore size had better cell activity and adhesion. Since the coating of chitosan inhibited the release of Zn 2+ during the implantation of porous Zn-0.8Li scaffolds in vivo, it effectively promoted the growth of new bone tissue around the porous scaffolds, which provided an ideal microenvironment for the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of MSCS. The results of this study demonstrated the great potential of chitosan coated porous biodegradable Zn-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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