Morphology-controlled synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is of tremendous importance to understand the morphology–structure–property relationships. Although great emphasis has been placed on the controllable synthesis of MOFs, the preparation of hollow and nanoframe-like MOFs, especially using the microwave irradiation method, remains a great challenge. In the present work, we report microwave-assisted synthesis of hollow butterfly and ring zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) with the stimuli of Ni ions. Interestingly, the sphere, butterfly, and fiber ZIF-8 catalysts were also fabricated when adjusting the weight ratio of Zn and Ni resources. Specifically, sphere, butterfly, hollow butterfly, and ring particles have maintained the ZIF-8 structure. On the basis of the time sequential experiments, we inferred that the formation of hollow butterfly and ring particles is driven by the change of surface energy. The Knoevenagel reaction was carried out to explore the catalytic activity of these ZIF materials. The ring particles with ZIF-8 structure showed the highest catalytic activity. The open structure, thin walls, and the amount of basicity have been extensively discussed to shed light on the superior catalytic performance of ring particles.
Accurate detection of glucose is essential for the diagnosis of diabetes, wherein effective and sensitive biosensors for glucose detection are needed. Here, we fabricated a glucose sensor based on field-effect transistor (FET) with bimetallic nickel-copper metal-organic frameworks (Ni/Cu-MOFs) as its channel layers which were grown in-situ through a simple one-step hydrothermal method and modified with glucose oxidase (GOD) by using glutaraldehyde (GA) as linkers. Due to the synergistic effect of Ni ions and Cu ions in MOFs, the sensor (GOD-GA-Ni/Cu-MOFs-FET) showed good field effect performance and great responses to glucose through enzymatic reactions . It displayed a piecewise linear relationship in the wide range (1 μM–20 mM), and provided high sensitivity (26.05 μAcm −2 mM −1 ) in the low concentration (1–100 μM) and a low detection limit (0.51 μM). The sensor also had these advantages of high specificity, excellent reproducibility, good short-term stability and fast response time. Especially, it is indicated that the Ni/Cu-MOFs-FETs with high performance have the potential to be available sensors, paving the way for the application of bimetallic MOFs in biosensing.
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