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Steam reforming (SR) is a process for converting transportation fuels into hydrogen-rich gas, which can be fed to SOFCs for on-board power supplies. Herein, we prepare Mg x Ni 1-x O (0.5
This work demonstrates the upgrading of lignin-derived monomers through a cascade demethoxylation, aqueous-phase reforming reaction, eliminating the need for external hydrogen supply. The core of this research lies in the use of neat water as both reaction medium and the hydrogen donor over a multifunctional Ni/MgO catalyst, which is responsible for water splitting, aqueous-phase reforming of in situ generated methanol, and selective cleavage of the C–O bond, finally establishing an efficient one-pot approach achieving a high yield of phenols. Reaction mechanism studies proved that the initial H* source came from water by its splitting on the surface of the Ni/MgO catalyst, which triggered the fracture of the aromatic ether bond to afford phenols and CH3O*. The subsequent aqueous-phase reforming of CH3O* and OH* generated more hydrogen and further accelerated the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process. A high conversion of 87.8% with a selectivity of 88.9% for phenol could be achieved at 190 °C from guaiacol. Thanks to the interesting water-splitting mechanisms and strong metal–support interaction (SMSI), Ni/MgO exhibited significantly enhanced stability compared to the previously reported nanoporous Ni catalysts. Further, with real lignin as the substrate, 16.3 wt % combined yield of phenol and 4-methylphenol could be acquired under optimized conditions. Overall, this “H2-free” approach offers a promising alternative to conventional biorefinery processes, addressing the challenges of hydrogen sourcing and economic feasibility.
Selective production of cyclohexanol from renewable lignin derived phenolic has been presented using the cost-efficient catalyst Ni/MgO which shows excellent catalytic activity in the hydrogenation reaction and dehydroxylation inhibition. Guaiacol, one of the most abundant lignin depolymerization products, was selected as the model compound. The hydrogenation performance of guaiacol was investigated over various catalysts. The effect of the reaction parameters was also studied. The results showed that guaiacol could be efficiently converted to cyclohexanol, which is a highly value-added precursor and additive for bio-fuel that is generally obtained from unsustainable fossil resources. Under the mild condition (160 °C, 3 h and 3 MPa H 2 ), more than 97.74% of guaiacol conversion with 100% cyclohexanol selectivity can be achieved in the presence of 20% Ni/MgO. Intensive catalyst characterization demonstrated that the efficient promotion effect of the base carrier for the Ni active center was responsible for efficient guaiacol conversion and selective cyclohexanol production. Furthermore, the Ni/MgO catalyst showed excellent recyclability, where no significant activity loss was observed even after four runs. Moreover, the reaction pathway and the catalytic mechanism are proposed.
Novel techniques for upgrading heavy lignin bio-oil, the phenolic oligomer from lignin depolymerization, are of great significance for achieving better utilization efficiency of carbon element in lignin. In this study, we proposed an efficient approach for producing high-quality oxygen-containing fuel from the renewable lignin bio-oil via the C-O bond cleavage and the subsequent hydrogenation over the Cu and Ni supported on alkaline MgO . Noticeably, the optimized Cu 6 Ni 20 /MgO resulted in inspiring yields of ethylbenzene (88.6%) and cyclohexanol (98.3%) from lignin dimers, and a colorless fuel with a high-heating value of 31.4 MJ kg −1 from the realistic lignin bio-oil. The results of catalyst characterization also unveiled that introducing Cu species reduced the formation of NiMgO x solid solution, which increased the content of Ni 0 and consequently promoted the performance of upgrading lignin bio-oil. Furthermore, the recondensation of phenolic oligomers could be effectively restrained by the alkaline MgO. In addition, a plausible mechanism was proposed. Therefore, this work opens a promising avenue to designing efficient strategies for utilizing the heavy components from lignin depolymerization.
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