Al 2 O 3 supported Ni-Sn alloy (Ni/Sn atomic ratio of 6) and Ni 3 Sn, Ni 3 Sn 2 and Ni 3 Sn 4 intermetallic compounds (IMCs) were prepared by co-precipitation method for the deoxygenation of fatty acid methyl esters to produce hydrocarbons. In comparison with metallic Ni, the catalytic evaluation and methyl propionate-TPD/TPSR results reveal that Ni-Sn IMCs remarkably inhibit the decarbonylation/decarboxylation pathway, C-C bond hydrogenolysis and methanation while promote the hydrodeoxygenation pathway, subsequently enhancing the yield of aiming hydrocarbons. Therein, 20%Ni 3 Sn 2 /Al 2 O 3 has the best performance, and the hydrocarbons yield reach about 99% in the deoxygenation of methyl octanoate and methyl palmitate. We suggest that the geometric and electronic effects of Sn contribute the excellent performance of Ni-Sn IMCs, and there is synergetic effect between Ni and Sn sites for the activation of C-O/C=O bond, for which a suitable Ni-Sn atomic spacing is very important. Finally, the catalyst stability and deactivation were also investigated.
Ye Tian,Qi Wang,Zhijian Peng,Shundong Guan,Xiuli Fu
A novel product consisting of a homogeneous tin oxide nanowall array with abundant oxygen deficiencies and partial Ni-Sn alloying onto a Ni foam substrate was successfully prepared using a facile solvothermal synthesis process with subsequent thermal treatment in a reductive atmosphere. Such a product could be directly used as integrated anodes for supercapacitors, which showed outstanding electrochemical properties with a maximum specific capacitance of 31.50 mAh·g−1at 0.1 A·g−1, as well as good cycling performance, with a 1.35-fold increase in capacitance after 10,000 cycles. An asymmetric supercapacitor composed of the obtained product as the anode and activated carbon as the cathode was shown to achieve a high potential window of 1.4 V. The excellent electrochemical performance of the obtained product is mainly ascribed to the hierarchical structure provided by the integrated, vertically grown nanowall array on 3D Ni foam, the existence of oxygen deficiency and the formation of Ni-Sn alloys in the nanostructures. This work provides a general strategy for preparing other high-performance metal oxide electrodes for electrochemical applications.Keywords:integrated anode;supercapacitor;nanowall array;oxygen-deficient tin oxide;Ni-Sn alloys
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