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Stabilizing NiFe sites by high-dispersity of nanosized and anionic Cr species toward durable seawater oxidation

Cai Zhengwei,Liang Jie,Li Zixiao,Yan Tingyu,Yang Chaoxin,Sun Shengjun,Yue Meng,Liu Xuwei,Xie Ting,Wang Yan,Li Tingshuai,Luo Yongsong,Zheng Dongdong,Liu Qian,Zhao Jingxiang,Sun Xuping,Tang Bo

Electrocatalytic H 2 production from seawater, recognized as a promising technology utilizing offshore renewables, faces challenges from chloride-induced reactions and corrosion. Here, We introduce a catalytic surface where OH – dominates over Cl – in adsorption and activation, which is crucial for O 2 production. Our NiFe-based anode, enhanced by nearby Cr sites, achieves low overpotentials and selective alkaline seawater oxidation. It outperforms the RuO 2 counterpart in terms of lifespan in scaled-up stacks, maintaining stability for over 2500 h in three-electrode tests. Ex situ / in situ analyses reveal that Cr(III) sites enrich OH – , while Cl – is repelled by Cr(VI) sites, both of which are well-dispersed and close to NiFe, enhancing charge transfer and overall electrode performance. Such multiple effects fundamentally boost the activity, selectively, and chemical stability of the NiFe-based electrode. This development marks a significant advance in creating durable, noble-metal-free electrodes for alkaline seawater electrolysis, highlighting the importance of well-distributed catalytic sites.