Inspired by morphological control and element doping, nanorod NFS-X ((NiFe)9S8 with different Ni : Fe molar ratios) was synthesized by a hydrothermal method. In this work, uniform and dense NF-X (X = 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 10) materials were prepared on NiFe foam, and as a precursor, the nanorod was formed in situ by sulfurization in ethanol. NFS-X (X = 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 10) with nanorod morphology was successfully obtained by controlling the Ni and Fe ratio. The optimized NFS-3 has a unique nanorod structure, which provides abundant electrochemical active sites and sufficient electron and electrolyte migration paths for fast and deep Faraday reactions. A specific capacitance of 3620 mF cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2 was obtained with significant cycling performance (83.3% retention after 7000 cycles at 20 mA cm−2). Furthermore, asymmetric supercapacitor CNHC//NFS-3 was prepared by using NFS-3 nanorods as a cathode and double-shell layer Co/Ni-based alkaline carbonate (CNHC) as an anode. The device presents an excellent energy density of 68.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 0.74 kW kg−1 while driving a small fan for operation, exhibiting potential for practical applications.
Yongwen Ren,Faying Fan,Yaojian Zhang,Lin Chen,Zhe Wang,Jiedong Li,Jingwen Zhao,Bo Tang,Guanglei Cui
Direct seawater splitting (DSS) offers an aspirational route toward green hydrogen (H 2 ) production but remains challenging when operating in a practically continuous manner, mainly due to the difficulty in establishing the water supply–consumption balance under the interference from impurity ions. A DSS system is reported for continuous ampere-level H 2 production by coupling a dual-cation exchange membrane (CEM) three-compartment architecture with a circulatory electrolyte design. Monovalent-selective CEMs decouple the transmembrane water migration from interferences of Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , and Cl − ions while maintaining ionic neutrality during electrolysis; the self-loop concentrated alkaline electrolyte ensures the constant gradient of water chemical potential, allowing a specific water supply–consumption balance relationship in a seawater–electrolyte–H 2 sequence to be built among an expanded current range. Even paired with commercialized Ni foams, this electrolyzer (model size: 2 × 2 cm 2 ) continuously produces H 2 from flowing seawater with a rate of 7.5 mL min −1 at an industrially relevant current of 1.0 A over 100 h. More importantly, the energy consumption can be further reduced by coupling more efficient NiMo/NiFe foams (≈6.2 kWh Nm −3 H 2 at 1.0 A), demonstrating the potential to further optimize the continuous DSS electrolyzer for practical applications.
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