Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) typically requires high temperatures and activation energy, but the introduction of combustion catalysts will improve its thermal decomposition performance. Therefore, it is crucial to rationally design combustion catalysts for enhancing the thermal decomposition performance of AP. Herein, 3D NiO nanoflowers@2D graphite-phase carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) nanosheets (NiO@x%CN, x = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9) composite catalysts were constructed by solvothermal and calcination methods, and characterized by a series of analyses. NiO@5%CN displayed the best ability to catalyze the thermal decomposition of AP, which reduced the high decomposition temperature of AP by 113.8 °C and the activation energy by 21.67 kJ mol −1 . The combustion rate of NiO@5%CN-CSP has increased by 118 % compared to that of composite solid propellants. This work provides a new insight for the design of NiO-based high-efficiency combustion catalysts.
Xiaojun Wen,Yiting Liu,Weilong Zhang,Lijun You,Ning Cai,Jumei Li
In this research, we fabricated an innovative NiO/CN/Ag composite through the straightforward electrostatic assembly of Ag nanoparticles and g-C 3 N 4 sheets onto NiO nanoflowers. This composite enables both surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection and photo-degradation of pesticides. The results reveal NiO/CN/Ag can quantitatively detect thiram (TRM) and diquat dibromide (DQDB) in water, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 −9 M, and also exhibit outstanding photo-degradation efficiency, exceeding 95 % for TRM and DQDB within 90 min under simulated sunlight. Significantly, after the organic reagent (citric acid) on NiO/CN/Ag was completely removed through simulated solar irradiation, the signal-to-noise ratios of SERS spectra on NiO/CN/Ag were enhanced, achieving LODs of 10 −8 M for TRM and DQDB in different fruit juices and dried flower teas. Additionally, the composite demonstrate impressive recyclability, maintaining robust SERS signals and high degradation rates even after five cycles of “detection-degradation” processes.
Particle-size engineering, conductive-network construction and catalysis were integrated. • Recrystallization and ball milling reduced Li 2 C 2 O 4 D50 from 142.8 to 0.55 μm. • A NiO/g-C 3 N 4 composite catalyst promoted Li 2 C 2 O 4 activation. • The decomposition potential decreased from 4.805 to 4.254 V. • The bilayer electrode delivered 267.49 mAh·g −1 additional capacity. Lithium oxalate is regarded as a promising cathode prelithiation additive for compensating irreversible active lithium loss during the initial cycle of lithium-ion batteries, owing to its high theoretical specific capacity, good air stability, and low cost. However, its intrinsically low electrochemical activity and high decomposition potential severely limit its practical application. Herein, a synergistic regulation strategy combining particle-size refinement, conductive-network construction, and NiO/g-C 3 N 4 catalyst modification was developed to promote the electrochemical activation of Li 2 C 2 O 4 . The reduced particle size shortens Li + transport pathways, while Ketjen black constructs an efficient conductive network and the NiO/g-C 3 N 4 composite catalyst promotes the electrochemical activation of Li 2 C 2 O 4 . As a result, the decomposition potential of Li 2 C 2 O 4 was reduced from 4.805 to 4.254 V, while a high discharge capacity of 510.2 mAh·g −1 was maintained. When applied in LiFePO 4 half-cells using a bilayer electrode configuration, the optimized prelithiation layer delivered an additional specific capacity of 267.49 mAh·g −1 without compromising cycling stability. This work provides a feasible strategy for improving the electrochemical utilization of Li 2 C 2 O 4 and demonstrates its potential as an efficient cathode prelithiation additive for lithium-ion batteries.
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