As a vital component of humanoid robots and a key module in smart wearable devices, electronic skin plays a significant role in enabling biomimetic perception and interactive feedback. However, achieving the synergistic integration of multimodal perception–response and low-power signal processing remains a significant challenge. In this work, we present a bioinspired electronic skin system with logic-level decoupling of multimodal inputs as its core innovation, which integrates a triboelectric/pyroelectric dual-mode self-powered sensor, an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) array, and a feedback unit to construct a closed-loop perception–response pathway. By designing OECTs with low threshold voltage and fast response, and optimizing the impedance matching between the electrolyte and the sensor, the system is capable of recognizing and responding to transient and weak signals. More importantly, employing OECTs with different threshold voltages enables clear separation and reliable processing of multimodal signals at the logic level, ensuring accurate information interpretation. The system is ultimately integrated into both a robotic hand and a flexible wearable platform, demonstrating its application potential in human–machine interaction and intelligent feedback.
Xin Chen,Jianlong Ji,Yubo Peng,Zhipeng Gao,Min Zhao,Bin Tang,Ying Liu
With the advantages of miniaturization, simple device structure, and fast response, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have become an emerging platform for developing wearable pH sensors for real-time human health monitoring. However, the application of devices is limited because they use water electrolytes. This paper proposed a feasible pH-sensitive OECT with a flexible BTB dye-embedded ion-gel dielectric layer. The real-time H+ detection performances of the devices, the effects of the BTB content in the ion-gel layer and gate voltages on the pH sensing capability, as well as the property–microstructure relationship of the ion-gel were investigated. The experimental results showed that the pH-sensitive OECT integrated with a 15 wt% BTB ion-gel layer exhibited outstanding H+ ion sensitivity and linear response properties at a gate voltage of −0.4 V. The pH-sensitive ion-gel modified OECT presented here provides a novel strategy for developing wearable pH sensors with high real-time monitoring characteristics.
This work designed a facile sensing strategy for quantitation of glycans on cell surface using organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). The sensing strategy was performed by covalently binding target cells on mercaptopropionic acid modified gate electrode for the recognition of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled lectins to specific glycans on cell surface, which led to sensitive channel current signal responding to the captured HRP and thus the expression of cell surface glycans. The quantitation of glycans on cell surface was achieved by using glycan modified microspheres to simulate the cells, on which the amounts of glycans were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . The proposed sensing strategy had been used for the detection of mannose and galactose on HeLa cells with Concanavalin A and peanut agglutinin as the specific lectins, which showed 1.37 × 10 8 mannose and 1.13 × 10 8 galactose on each cell, respectively. By treating HeLa cells with exoglycosidases , the mannose and galactose expression levels showed the same changes as those detected with flow cytometric analysis, indicating the practical application of the OECT-based biosensor in cell surface glycan expression analysis.
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