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Antibody screening-assisted multichannel nanoplasmonic sensing chip based on SERS for viral screening and variants identification

Yi Liu,Huanjiao Weng,Zhiwei Chen,Ming Zong,Shubin Fang,Zili Wang,Shaohua He,Yangming Wu,Jizhen Lin,Shangyuan Feng,Duo Lin

The Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been spreading globally and has never disappeared from our sight, indicating that its coexistence with humans has become a fact, and monitoring its evolution and spread remains a current task. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most commonly used virus detection method, it requires labor-intensive and time-consuming procedures in a laboratory setting. Herein, a multichannel nanoplasmonic sensing chip based on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was developed for detecting N and S proteins, as well as IgG and IgM, related to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants. Through a self-screening process, specific antibodies for on-site and rapid identification of important variants of concerns (VoCs) were obtained, and their binding was confirmed by protein structure analysis. The use of these S protein specific antibodies can accurately identify Omicron VoCs (BA. 5, BF.7，XBB.1.5) with the detection limit (LoD) at 0.16 pg/mL. Then, the proposed SERS array chip was integrated with a hand-held Raman spectrometer to successfully detect the Omicron subvariants in real saliva samples within only 20 minutes, greatly reducing the detection time of PCR. This sensing technology will provide a powerful and rapid point-of-care testing (POCT) method for virus diagnosis, subtype identification, and post infection antibody level monitoring.