APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
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2024
·Vol. 90
·期 9
·
IF 3.9
Wenmin Chai,Xianbing Mao,Chunfeng Li,Liancai Zhu,Zongyi He,Bochu Wang
Parasites can manipulate host behavior to facilitate parasite transmission. One such host–pathogen interaction occurs between the fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis and the ghost moth Thitarodes xiaojinensis. O. sinensis is involved in the mummification process of infected host larvae. However, the underlying molecular and chemical mechanism for this phenomenon is unknown. We characterized the small molecules regulating host behaviors and the altered metabolites in infected and mummified host larvae. Lipid-related metabolites, such as phosphatidylcholine, were identified in infected and mummified larvae. Decreased levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and elevated choline levels were observed in the brains of both the infected and mummified larvae. The aberrant activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and relative mRNA expression of ACE2 (acetylcholinesterase) may mediate the altered transformation between ACh and choline, leading to the brain dysfunction of mummified larvae. Caspofungin treatment inhibited the mummification of infected larvae and the activity of AChE. These findings indicate the importance of ACh in the mummification of host larvae after O. sinensis infection.
研究领域:
真菌学
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神经生物学
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代谢组学
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DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
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2024
·Vol. 25
·期 24
·13599
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IF 4.9
Haibin Liu,Xinyue Wang,Hang Tian,Yi Yuan,Jing Wang,Yani Cheng,Linyao Sun,Hongshuo Chen,Xiaoming Song
Due to the price and demand ofOphiocordyceps sinensishaving increased dramatically, adulteration with other fungi is a common problem. Thus, a reliable method of authenticO. sinensisidentification is essential. In the present work, a rapid DNA extraction and double-tailed recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) coupled with nucleic acid hybridization lateral flow strip (NAH-LFS) was developed to distinguish authenticO. sinensisingredients from other fungi substitutes. In the presence ofO. sinensis, the RPA amplicons with two ssDNA tails in the opposite ends, which could simultaneously bind with the SH-probes on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and capture the probe on the test line, formed visible red bands. RPA combined with NAH-LFS can efficiently detectO. sinensisDNA down to 1.4 ng/μL; meanwhile, the specificity test validated no cross reaction with common adulterants, includingCordyceps gunnii,Cordyceps cicadae,Cordyceps militaris,yungui Cordyceps, andOphiocordyceps nutans. The whole RPA-NAH-LFS could be completed within 16 min. The RPA-NAH-LFS results in detecting 20 commercialO. sinensissamples are consistent with PCR-AGE and RT-PCR, confirming the feasibility of the RPA-NAH-LFS method. In conclusion, these results are expected to facilitate the application of RPA-NAH-LFS in the authentication detection ofO. sinensismaterials, providing a convenient and efficient method forO. sinensisquality control.
研究领域:
分子生物学
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中药学
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生物技术
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Microbiology
·
2024
·
IF 4
Chai Wenmin,Mao Xianbing,Li Chunfeng,Zhu Liancai,He Zongyi,Wang Bochu
Introduction: Parasites can facilitate their own spread and reproduction by manipulating insect hosts behavior, as seen in the interaction between Thitarodes xiaojinensis and Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Infection by O. sinensis leads to the mummification of T. xiaojinensis larvae, but the underlying mechanisms remain mysterious.Methods: The morphology of O. sinensis infected larvae and fungal growth were first observed. Subsequently, the metabolite changes in the larvae before and after infection with the fungus were analyzed by LC/MS and targeted metabolomics. The expression of mannitol-related genes was detected using RT-qPCR, and morphological changes in larvae were observed after injection of different concentrations of mannitol into the O. sinensis-infected larvae.Results: Significant changes were found in phenotype, fungal morphology in hemocoel, larval hardness, and mannitol metabolites in infected, mummified 0 h larvae and larvae 5 days after mummification behavior. Surprisingly, the occurrence of mummification behavior was accompanied by fungal dimorphism, as well as the absence of mannitol in both infected and non-infected larvae, until the initial accumulation of mannitol and the expression of mannitol-associated genes occurred at the time of mummification behavior. The presence of mannitol may promote fungal dimorphism to mediate changes in fungal toxicity or resistance, leading to the end of the fungus-insect coexistence period and the incidence of mummification behavior. Furthermore, mannitol injections increase the mummification rate of the infected larvae without significant difference from the normal mummification phenotype.Discussion: This finding suggests the importance of mannitol in the mummification of host larvae infected with O. sinensis.
研究领域:
微生物学
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昆虫学
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真菌病理学
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代谢组学
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DOI
高影响因子
Insects
·
2021
·Vol. 12
·期 8
·666
·
IF 2.769
Rui Tang,Xue-Hong Qiu,Li Cao,Hai-Lin Long,Ri-Chou Han
Simple SummaryThe caterpillar fungusO. sinensisis a historical ethnopharmacological commodity in China. The recent die-off of its wild population has raised the urgent task of ensuring the natural conservation of both the fungus and its host speciesThitarodes. During the last decade, artificial cultivation of the caterpillar fungus has been established to supplement its declining natural colony. However, it is crucial to determine the nutritional background of the artificially reared cordyceps complex and its related products, i.e., mycelia and fruiting bodies reared on media. The current study aims to determine the comprehensive metabolic profiles of 17 treatments from 3 groups, includingO. sinensisfungus,Thitarodesinsect and cordyceps complex. We found that the metabolomics ofO. sinensis-related products were mainly determined by the fruiting bodies rather than the culture methods. Our results suggest that artificially cultured fruiting bodies and cordyceps may have indistinguishable metabolite compositions as the natural ones. These results are highly intriguing in many aspects, from understanding the infection mechanism of caterpillar fungus, to commercial applications of caterpillar fungi quality authentication. It provides insights into the development of better alternatives for wild cordyceps and serves the future biological conservation of the fungal/insect species.AbstractCordyceps, a parasitic complex of the fungusOphiocordyceps sinensis(Berk.) (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae) and the ghost mothThitarodes(Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), is a historical ethnopharmacological commodity in China. Recently, artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps has been established to supplement the dwindling natural resources. However, much is unknown between the natural and cultivated products in terms of nutritional aspect, which may provide essential information for quality evaluation. The current study aims to determine the metabolic profiles of 17 treatments from 3 sample groups includingO. sinensisfungus,Thitarodesinsect and cordyceps complex, using Gas Chromatography - Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. A total of 98 metabolites were detected, with 90 of them varying in concentrations among groups. The tested groups could be separated, except that fungal fruiting body was clustered into the same group as Chinese cordyceps. The main distinguishing factors for the groups studied were the 24 metabolites involved in numerous different metabolic pathways. In conclusion, metabolomics ofO. sinensisand its related products were determined mainly by the fruiting bodies other than culture methods. Our results suggest that artificially cultured fruiting bodies and cordyceps may share indistinguishable metabolic functions as the natural ones.Keywords:caterpillar fungus;Ophiocordyceps sinensis;Thitarodes;metabolites;GC-QTOFMS
研究领域:
真菌学
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代谢组学
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药用植物研究
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Chinese Herbal Medicines
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2014
·
IF 0
Wen-qing Li,Wen-jia Li,Zheng-ming Qian,Shi-lin Chen,Li Xiang
Objective To develop a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method for the simultaneous determination of six polar compounds in Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Methods A poroshell SB Aq column (50 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) and gradient elution were used; The detection wavelength of compounds was set at 260 nm. The chromatographic peaks of the six investigated compounds in sample were identified by comparing their retention times with reference compounds. Results All calibration curves showed good linearity ( r > 0.999) within the tested ranges. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the six analytes were less than 0.8% and 2.1%, respectively, and the recoveries of the six analytes were between 95% and 103%. The validated method was successfully applied to the determination of six polar compounds in O. sinensis samples. Conclusion The poroshell SB Aq column is suitable for the rapid analysis of polar components in Chinese materia medica on conventional HPLC system and the developed HPLC method is also helpful to the quality control of O. sinensis .
研究领域:
中药学
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分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 4.9
Fen Wang,Junfeng Fan,Yabin An,Guoliang Meng,Bingyu Ji,Yi Li,Caihong Dong
Ophiocordyceps sinensis (OS) is a unique and precious medicinal fungus endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, growing underground for the majority of its lifecycle. The mineral composition of OS is a distinctive feature, yet there is currently a lack of comprehensive mineral profiles. The concerns regarding excessive heavy metals and associated health risks significantly impact the development of the OS industry. Furthermore, OS samples from various production areas exhibit distinct qualities, resulting in significant price differences. Mineral profiles hold great potential for origin tracing. Consequently, there is an urgent need for quality evaluation, health risk assessment, and geographic origin tracing of OS by mineral element analysis. Here, 96 OS samples were collected from the representative producing areas in China to investigate their mineral profiles by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Potassium (K) was found to be the most abundant mineral in the OS samples, with a mean content of 10.73 g/kg. High levels of phosphor (P), sulfur (S) and magnesium (Mg) were also detected with concentrations exceeding 1 g/kg. The mean concentrations of total arsenic in all OS samples were determined to be 8.33 mg/kg. The OS from Nagqu exhibited a relatively high quality with lower levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic. Health risk assessment based on the total target hazard quotient (THQ) value of heavy metals of Zn, Mn, Fe, copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), Pb and Cd indicated that consumption of OS from China did not pose an obvious risk to human health at the ingestion rate declared by the Chinese Pharmacopeia. Finally, three orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were constructed using 75 samples to trace the geographic origins. These models successfully authenticated OS samples from six producing areas and confirmed by 21 blind test samples with 90.48 % accuracy. These results affirmed that OS from different regions possessed distinct metal profiles, which could be utilized to authenticate the geographic origins of O. sinensis .
研究领域:
药用真菌学
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环境科学
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公共健康
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Fungi
·
2025
·Vol. 11
·期 10
·740
·
IF 4
Bing Jia,Haoxu Tang,Chuyu Tang,Chao Feng,Yuling Li,Xiuzhang Li
Ophiocordyceps sinensisrepresents a valuable medicinal resource. In this study, mechanisms underlying differences in chemical composition and antioxidant capacity among wildO. sinensis(GL), artificially cultivatedO. sinensis(RG), and product ofO. sinensis“Bailing” capsules (BL) were systematically investigated via in vitro antioxidant capacity assays and untargeted metabolomics. Results showed GL exhibited the highest total phenol (TPS) content and superior free radical scavenging activity. Additionally, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities in RG were higher than those in BL. Correlation analysis of antioxidant indices demonstrated significant positive correlations between total phenols (TPS) and flavonoids (TF) with DPPH radical scavenging, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, and superoxide anion radical scavenging rate (p< 0.01). A total of 6729 metabolites were detected, encompassing amino acids and their derivatives, lipids, and nucleotides and their derivatives, among other classes. Furthermore, metabolites exhibited distinct intergroup separation, indicating significant differences in metabolic profiles betweenO. sinensisand its substitute products. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that differential metabolites were mainly enriched in amino acid, lipid, and nucleotide metabolic pathways, among which the linoleic acid metabolic pathway was significantly downregulated. Key metabolites included γ-linolenic acid, 12(13)-EpOME-d, 9-HpODE, etc. Additionally, results of correlation analysis revealed that differential metabolites of lipids, nucleotides, and amino acids exhibited a significant positive correlation with antioxidant indices (p< 0.05). These findings suggest that the antioxidant capacity ofO. sinensisand its substitutes may be regulated via linoleic acid metabolism, providing a theoretical basis for advancing targeted functional development ofO. sinensisand its substitute products.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
·
2022
·
IF 2.893
Xiao Sun,Zhonghua Dong,Nan Li,Xiuli Feng,Yan Liu,Ang Li,Xiaosong Zhu,Chunyan Li,Zhongxi Zhao
Background Ophiocordyceps sinensis (C. sinensis) extracts have been found to have a therapeutic effect on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) plays an important role in the regulation of inflammatory mediators and correlates with lung function and COPD exacerbations. The objective of this work was to explore the anti-inflammatory effect and preliminary pathways of nucleosides from cultured C. sinensis on RAW264.7 macrophages and COPD mice.Materials and methods The nucleosides were extracted from cultured C. sinensis powder and further purified by macroporous resin D101 and glucan G10 columns. Inflammation and oxidative stress models in RAW264.7 macrophages and in mice were established by injection of cigarette smoke extract (CSE). We then examined how the isolated nucleosides regulated the production of the associated inflammatory mediators in vitro and in vivo by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot.Results The nucleosides inhibited inflammatory mediator expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and nitric oxide in both the CSE-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and mice. Moreover, the nucleosides elevated SIRT1 activation and suppressed nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/p65 activation in vitro and in vivo. Nucleoside treatment significantly decreased the levels of the inflammatory mediators in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum of the CSE-induced mice. The nucleosides also altered the recruitment of inflammatory cells in BALF and improved characteristic features of the lungs in the CSE-induced mice.Conclusion These results show that the nucleosides suppressed COPD inflammation through the SIRT1–NF-κB/p65 pathway, suggesting that the nucleosides may be partly responsible for the therapeutic effects of cultured C. sinensis on COPD patients.
研究领域:
药理学
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免疫学
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呼吸病学
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分子生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
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