Shuen Chen,Gengchang Lai,Xiaoyi Zhang,Xiaoxiao Feng,Liping Tong,Chenglong Peng,Xingchen He,Yang Li,Jiahong Wang
Phosphorus is an ideal anode material for high-rate lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and moderate operating potential. However, phosphorus undergoes tremendous volume expansion and low electrical conductivity during lithium storage, affecting its actual lithium storage performance. The formation of P–C bonds is an effective strategy to inhibit the volume expansion and maintain stable electrical contact between phosphorus and the current collector. Herein, high strength metal nanoparticles, such as molybdenum nanoparticles, are introduced into the ball milling process to reinforce P–C bonding and enhance the lithium storage performance. As a result, the BP/Mo/CNTs anode provides a high-rate capacity of 984 mAh g–1 at 8.0 A g–1 and high capacity retention of 90.3% after 300 cycles at 0.5 A g–1. To demonstrate the universality of this method, BP/W/CNTs nanocomposites were prepared by tungsten-assisted ball milling. This facile strategy provides a practical approach for the formation of abundant covalent bonds to improve the electrochemical performance of composites.
Black phosphorus (BP), a superior two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor, has attracted much attention due to its unique properties. The graphene (GR)-BP hybrid was synthesized through one pot chemical vapor transport (CVT) approach. The characterization results indicated that P atom was successfully incorporated into GR by the formation of P-C bond. Remarkably, the newly-synthesized GR-BP represented high photocatalytic activity towards 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) degradation, due to the high efficiency of charge separation and transformation caused by the direct band gap of BP and carrier mobility of GR. The removal efficiency for 2-CP reached up to 87.08% within visible light irradiation for 180 min ( λ > 420 nm). The degradation rate of GR-BP hybrid for 2-CP was approximately 7.29-fold than that of BP within 30 min. In addition, the little increasing of the peak for P-O bond in GR-BP hybrid was observed after being exposed in air for 15 days, meant that the stability of BP was significantly enhanced. It was caused by the decreasing of the oxidation sites in BP due to the formation of P-C bond in hybrid. In brief, our synthetic method for GR-BP not only provides a novel route for the improvement of the stability of BP, but also constitutes an insight into the promising practical application of BP in the photocatalysis field.
Tong Wu,Yu Ma,Zhibei Qu,Jinchen Fan,Qiaoxia Li,Penghui Shi,Qunjie Xu,Yulin Min
Rational design supporting material for palladium (Pd)-based catalyst can maximize its electrocatalytic performance for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) catalyst in alkaline condition. Utilizing the unique two-dimensional structures and outstanding physicochemical property of graphene and black phosphorus (BP), herein, we proposed and designed a black phosphorus–graphene heterostructure for supporting Pd nanoparticles. Through merely ball-milling of activated graphene (AG) and black phosphorus (BP), the AG–BP hybrid with a linkage of P–C bonding is used as supports of Pd. The obtained Pd/AG–BP hybrid exhibits ultrahigh electrochemical activity toward EOR. Remarkably, it can achieve a high mass peak current density of ∼6004.53 and ∼712.03 mA mgPd–1 before and after the durability tests of 20 000s on EOR, which are ∼7.19 and 80 times higher than those of commercial Pd/C. The experimental analysis and density-functional-theory calculation show that Pd becomes more positive with electrons transfer from Pd to AG–BP supports and is liable to absorb the OH radicals for removing COads intermediate to release active sites on EOR, together with the excellent ability to generate additional OH militants after combining with the AG–BP heterostructure.
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