POLYMER BULLETIN
·
2010
·Vol. 66
·期 9
·1191-1206
·
IF 1.014
Yan Shanyin,Chen Wenqiu,Yang Xiaojin,Chen Chuan,Huang Mingfu,Xu Zushun,Yeung Kelvin W. K.,Yi Changfeng
A novel pyridine-containing aromatic diamine monomer, 4-phenyl-2,6-bis[3-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]pyridine ( m , p -PAPP), was successfully synthesized by a modified Chichibabin reaction of benzaldehyde and a substituted acetophenone, 3-(4-nitrophenoxy)acetophenone ( m , p -NPAP), followed by a reduction of the resulting dinitro compound 4-phenyl-2,6-bis[3-(4-nitrophenoxy)phenyl]pyridine ( m , p -PNPP) with Pd/C and hydrazine monohydrate. The aromatic diamine was employed to synthesize a series of pyridine-containing polyimides (PIs) by polycondensation with various aromatic dianhydrides in N , N -dimethylformamide (DMF) via the conventional two-step method, and further thermal or chemical imidization forming PIs. The inherent viscosities of the resulting poly(amic acid)s and PIs were 0.59–0.73 and 0.56–0.68 dL/g; most of the PIs obtained by chemical imidization were readily soluble in common organic solvents such as DMF, N , N -dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N -methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), tetrahydrofuran (THF), etc. Meanwhile, strong and flexible PI films were obtained, which had good thermal stability, with the glass transition temperature ( T
g ) of 204.5–237.4 °C and the temperature at 10% weight loss of 527.7–552.0 °C in nitrogen atmosphere, as well as outstanding mechanical properties with tensile strengths of 88.6–90.4 MPa, a tensile moduli of 1.04–1.56 GPa, and elongations at break of 7.2–8.7%. The PI films also were found to possess low water uptake of 0.89–0.98%.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A-Pure and Applied Chemistry
·
2025
·
IF 2.4
Zhenhuan Hu,Zhongze Wang,Song Wang
A silane coupling agent containing DPOP functional group (DSCA) was hydrolyzed in the presence of piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP), thereby preparing surface-modified PAPP, s-PAPP. The obtained s-PAPP was then incorporated into epoxy resin (EP) with the aim of enhancing both the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of EP. Investigations have revealed that when s-PAPP-7:3, prepared at a weight ratio of 7:3 for PAPP to DSCA, was added to EP, the resultant flame-retardant EP, EP7:3, exhibited superior flame retardancy and mechanical properties. Specifically, EP7:3 achieved a UL 94 V-0 rating, with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value reaching up to 31.2%. In comparison with flame-retardant EP containing unmodified PAPP (EP10:0), the tensile strength and impact strength of EP7:3 was enhanced by 95.7% and 155.4%, respectively. The surface contact angle investigation on flame retardants and EP had revealed that the surface contact angles of s-PAPP-7:3 and EP were 57.3° and 73.6°, respectively. Such similarity in their polar characteristics elucidated the reason for which the resultant EP7:3 demonstrated notable flame retardancy and enhanced mechanical properties. Therefore, the incorporation of s-PAPP, a high-performance flame retardant, into EP not only endowed EP with desirable flame retardancy but also maintained the mechanical properties of EP.
研究领域:
高分子科学
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材料工程
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阻燃技术
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表面化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2025
·
IF 7.4
Qinling Liu,Junhan Chu,Yuhui Xie,Zhaoyu Li,Feng Wu,Dong Feng,Yang Meng,Yi Mei,Delong Xie
s The development of high-performance flame-retardant polypropylene (PP) composites is essential for enhancing fire safety across various industries. However, conventional intumescent flame retardant systems often suffer from poor char stability, weak condensed-phase protection, and insufficient gas-phase flame inhibition. To address these challenges, this study introduces a synergistic system combining Si-modified MXene (Si-MXene) and piperazine-modified ammonium polyphosphate (PAPP) to enhance the flame retardancy of PP composites. The piperazine modification of PAPP improves its compatibility with PP, facilitating uniform dispersion and enhancing its catalytic charring capability. Simultaneously, Si-modified MXene reinforces the char layer by promoting the formation of a highly graphitized and compact carbon structure, effectively blocking heat and oxygen transfer. As a result, the Si-MXene/PAPP system significantly reduces the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of PP by 52.6% and total heat release (THR) by 35.4%, while substantially improving thermal stability and char quality. Moreover, gas-phase analysis confirms that phosphorus radicals (P·, PO·) and non-flammable gases (NH₃, H₂O) scavenge combustion free radicals and dilute flammable volatiles, effectively suppressing flame propagation. This study provides a novel approach to de veloping high-efficiency flame-retardant PP composites, offering new insights into the synergistic mechanisms of MXene-based hybrid flame retardants and advancing the design of eco-friendly, high-performance polymeric materials for safety-critical applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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燃烧科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 2.8
Fangzhou Hu,Xin He,Weize Lv,Yong Fang,Guodong Jiang,Yucai Shen
Manganese phytate decorated kaolinite (PA-Mn@Kaol) was synthesized as a novel flame retardant synergist in combination with piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) for polyethylene (PE). It demonstrated that the addition of PA-Mn@Kaol significantly reduced the total heat release, peak heat release rate, and total smoke production. Notably, the fire growth index (FGI) of PE/PAPP/PA-Mn@Kaol composites decreased by 66.7% relative to the PE/PAPP composite, and the PE/PAPP/PA-Mn@Kaol composites had great advantages in terms of FGI and fire performance index compared to other PE/intumescent flame retardant systems reported in the literature. Moreover, the gas and condensed phases fire retardant mechanisms of the PE/PAPP/PA-Mn@Kaol composite were explored. This study presented a viable approach for designing synergistic fire retardants, effectively enhancing the fire safety performance of PE.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
消防安全
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DOI
高影响因子
Materials Today Communications
·
2026
·
IF 4.9
Yutong Hong,Shouxiang Gao,Yingke Zhu,Miaojun Xu,Yan Xia,Juan Li
Overcoming the inherent flammability of epoxy resins while achieving a well-balanced combination of properties is an urgent requirement for the development of multifunctional epoxy materials. In this study, metal oxide nanoparticles (M x O y ), including Fe 3 O 4 , CoO, and MnO, were assembled onto piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) via ultrasound-assisted interfacial self-assembly to construct core-satellite-structured hybrid fillers, denoted as PAPP@M x O y . The integrated suprastructure and nanoparticle-decorated surface improved the dispersion of PAPP in the EP matrix while promoting catalytic char formation, thereby endowing the resulting EP composites with enhanced comprehensive performance. With only 9 wt% PAPP@M x O y , the EP composites achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of up to 35.8 vol%. Compared with neat EP, the peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke release (TSR) were reduced by 61.5%, 29.7%, and 49.6%, respectively. A systematic comparison further revealed that Fe 3 O 4 -decorated PAPP exhibited a relatively balanced overall fire-safety performance among the single- and dual-metal-oxide-decorated counterparts, with simultaneous improvements in heat-release suppression and smoke reduction. In addition, compared with EP composites containing pristine PAPP, the PAPP@M x O y -filled systems exhibited improved tensile, flexural, and impact strengths, indicating that surface-assembly modification effectively mitigated the mechanical deterioration commonly caused by flame-retardant fillers. This work presents an efficient and versatile surface-assembly strategy for constructing high-performance flame-retardant fillers and offers a practical route toward simultaneously improving the fire safety and mechanical properties of EP composites.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Tianyi Ma,Lijing Han,Gaofei Zheng,Mingyu Wang,Junjia Bian,Yan Zhao,Hongwei Pan,Huiliang Zhang
In this work, we reported the first synthesis of an organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardant (PAPP@CoNi-LDH). This was achieved through the electrostatic self-assembly of piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) and cobalt–nickel layered double hydroxide (CoNi-LDH). Compared to PLA/5 wt% PAPP, the PLA/4.5 wt% PAPP/0.5 wt% PAPP@CoNi-LDH composite (FRPLA-0.5) achieved a superior Underwriters Laboratories Vertical Burning Test rating (UL-94, from V-2 to V-0) and higher Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI, from 22.5 % to 28.0 %), demonstrating the exceptional flame-retardant efficiency of PAPP@CoNi-LDH at minimal loading. Furthermore, the superior char-catalyzing capability reduced the peak heat release rate of FRPLA-0.5 from 556 to 490 kW/m 2 versus pure PLA. Moreover, uniaxial pre-stretching was applied to fabricate flame-retardant PLA composites with superior mechanical properties. For FRPLA-0.5 subjected to 2.0 × pre-stretching (pre-stretching ratio = 2.0), tensile strength surged from 54.7 MPa to 96.6 MPa, elongation at break increased from 6.1 % to 63.7 %, and impact strength rose remarkably from 0.7 kJ/m 2 to 87.2 kJ/m 2 . This dual-strategy design achieved high-performance PLA composites with simultaneously enhanced fire safety and mechanical robustness.
研究领域:
材料科学
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聚合物复合材料
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消防安全工程
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材料力学性能
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
·
2023
·Vol. 148
·期 18
·9537-9546
·
IF 4.4
Wang Yiming,Li Cui,Liu Hui,Ma Lili,Jiang Dayong,Wen Xin,Tang Tao
Abstract As a promising biodegradable polymer, poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is limited by its inherent flammable and melt-dripping nature. In this study, the effect of molecular sieve 4A (MS4A) as synergist on thermal stability and flame retardancy of PBS/piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) composites was investigated. TGA results showed that the addition of MS4A could effectively improve the thermal stability of PBS/PAPP composites both in nitrogen and air atmospheres. Compared to PBS/20PAPP, PBS/17PAPP-3MS4A exhibited the optimal flame retardancy with limited oxygen index of 29.8%, V0 rating in UL-94 vertical burning test, and 86.6% reduction on the peak of heat release rate in cone calorimeter test. According to the analysis for char morphology and microstructure, the combination of PPAP/MS4A mainly imparted its flame retardancy through condensed phase. The enhancement mechanism was ascribed to their catalytic carbonization effect and the migration of MS4A to construct stronger char layer in out interface during combustion. This work provides a new intumescent flame-retardant system with high efficiency and low toxicity, which will greatly promote the widely applications of PBS composites. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN
·
2021
·Vol. 69
·期 11
·1054-1060
·
IF 1.645
Yuqin Zhou,Weitong Hu,Xiangli Zhang,Yi Wang,Wenya Zhuang,Fengzhi Li,Qingyong Li
In the evaluation of the druggability of candidate compounds, it was vital to predict the oral bioavailability of compounds from apparent permeability (Papp) across Caco-2 cell-culture model of intestinal epithelium cultured on commercial transwell plate inserts. The study was to investigate the transport characteristics and permeability of FL118 (10, 11-Methylenedioxy-20(S)-camptothecin) derivatives 7-Q6 (7-(4-Ethylphenyl)-10, 11-methylenedioxy-20(S)-camptothecin) and 7-Q20 (7-(4-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-10, 11-methylenedioxy-20(S)-camptothecin). Transport characteristics and permeability of the tested compounds to the small intestine were assessed at different concentrations (0.5, 1 µM) via Caco-2 cell monolayers model in vitro. Uptake studies based on Caco-2 cells, including temperatures, concentrations, and the influence of efflux transporters, were combined to confirm the transport characteristics of the tested compounds. Furthermore, cytotoxicity results showed that the concentrations used in the experiments were non-toxic and harmless to cells. In addition, The Papp of 7-Q6 was (3.69 ± 1.07) × 10−6 cm/s with efflux ratio (ER) 0.98, while the Papp of 7-Q20 was (7.78 ± 0.89) × 10−6 cm/s with ER 1.05 for apical-to-basolateral (AP→BL) at 0.5 µM, suggesting that 7-Q20 might possess higher oral bioavailability in vivo. Furthermore, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was proved to slightly affect the accumulations of 7-Q20, while the absorption of 7-Q6 was irrelevant with P-gp and breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) based on the cellular uptake assays. Accordingly, 7-Q6 was completely absorbed by passive diffusion, and 7-Q20 was mainly dependent on passive diffusion with being effluxed by P-gp slightly. Meanwhile, both 7-Q6 and 7-Q20 were potential antitumor drugs that might exhibit high oral bioavailability in the body.
研究领域:
药理学
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药物递送
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细胞生物学
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癌症研究
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2023
·
IF 8.2
Shuwei Luo,Yan Zhang,Jiangfeng Song,Ying Li,Caie Wu,Chenchen Zhang
This study investigated the solubilizing capacity of glycosylated stevioside/hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (stevia-G-HPMC) complexes with varying mass ratios on lutein . The impact on the steady-state flux and permeability coefficient of intracellular lutein was also explored through the construction of a Caco-2 cellular transport model. The results indicated that the equilibrium solubility of lutein linearly increased with an increase in stevia-G amount. The stability constants of the ternary system surpassed those of the binary system. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed a tight and stable structure in lutein supersaturated complexes. Meanwhile, lutein-stevia-G-HPMC complexes demonstrated superior cumulative penetrations, with the peak P app (AP → BL) value being (3.24 ± 0.89) × 10 −5 cm·s −1 . There was a slight decrease in P app (BL → AP), which improved the forward transport of lutein. Highly soluble lutein in aqueous environments saturated the extracellular transport proteins on the AP side of cell membranes, thereby maintaining the high permeability transport. Notably, the permeability trend of lutein in Caco-2 cells negatively correlated with the equilibrium solubility and matched the single exponential growth model. When the mass ratio of lutein, stevia-G and HPMC was 1:21:5, the solubility-permeability trade-off of lutein was effectively maintained.
研究领域:
药学
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药物递送系统
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生物药剂学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2023
·
IF 8.1
Qiannan Zhao,Jinyi Yang,Jiahui Li,Lei Zhang,Xiaohai Yan,Tianli Yue,Yahong Yuan
Phenolics of mulberry ( Morus alba L.) leaves (MLs) have potential anti-diabetic effects, but they may be chemically modified during gastrointestinal digestion so affect their biological activity. In this study, an in vitro digestion model coupled with Caco-2 monolayer and Caco-2/insulin-resistant HepG2 coculture model were used to study the transport and hypoglycemic effects of phenolics in raw MLs (U-MLs) and solid-fermented MLs (F-MLs). The results of LC-MS/MS analysis showed that the Papp (apparent permeability coefficient, 10 –6 cm/s) of phenolics in digested MLs ranged from 0.002 ± 0.00 (quercetin 3- O -glucoside) to 60.19 ± 0.67 (ferulic acid), indicating higher phenolic acids absorbability and poor flavonoids absorbability. The Papp values of phenolic extracts of F-MLs in Caco-2 monolayer were significantly higher (p > 0.05) than that of U-MLs. Digested phenolic extracts inhibited the activities of sucrase (60.13 ± 2.03%) and maltase (82.35 ± 0.78%) and decreased 9.28 ± 0.84% of glucose uptake in Caco-2 monolayer. Furthermore, a decrease in the mRNA expression of glucose transporters SGLT1 (0.64 ± 0.18), GLUT2 (0.14 ± 0.02) and the sucrase-isomaltase (0.59 ± 0.00) was observed. In Caco-2/insulin-resistant HepG2 co-culture model, phenolic extracts regulated glucose metabolism by up-regulating the mRNA expressions of IRS1 (9.32-fold), Akt (17.07-fold) and GYS2 (1.5-fold), and down-regulating the GSK-3β (0.22-fold), PEPCK (0.49-fold) and FOXO1 (0.10-fold) mRNA levels. Both U-MLs and F-MLs could improve glucose metabolism, and the partial least squares (PLS) analysis showed that luteoforol and p -coumaric acid were the primary phenolics that strongly correlated with the hypoglycemic ability of MLs. Results suggested that phenolics of MLs can be used as dietary supplements to regulate glucose metabolism.
研究领域:
药理学
·
营养学
·
生物化学
·
分子生物学
·
细胞生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）