Ling Chen,Meng Hu,Hui-min Yan,Xue-Qing Ding,Qiu-xiang Yang,Ling Wang,Hong Pan
The immunosuppressive microenvironment and impaired antigen presentation represent significant challenges in melanoma treatment. This study explores strategies to overcome these barriers by simultaneously inducing tumor cell immunogenic cell death (ICD) and enhancing antigen presentation. We developed hyaluronic acid/R8-RGD dual-modified albumin nanoparticles (HR/LDPP-NPs) designed to co-deliver low-dose paclitaxel (PTX) and the PCSK9 inhibitor PF-06446846. PTX induces ICD, releasing calreticulin (CRT), ATP, and HMGB1 danger signals, thereby transforming tumor cells into an in situ antigen source and initiating dendritic cell-mediated T-cell responses, akin to an intrinsic vaccine effect. Simultaneously, the inhibition of PCSK9 significantly upregulates tumor MHC-I expression, counteracting immune evasion. This synergistic approach, combining in situ vaccination with enhanced antigen presentation, significantly amplifies antitumor immunity. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that these spatiotemporally coordinated dual-targeting nanoparticles achieve substantial therapeutic efficacy with significantly reduced toxicity, presenting a novel chemo-immunotherapeutic strategy for melanoma treatment.
Li Li,Meng-Lin Fan,Ya-Nan Li,Ya-Xuan Huang,Xiu-Feng Liu,Ji-Hua Liu
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is an attractive target for new cholesterol-lowering drug development. Here, we developed a method integrating ligand fishing, HPLC-Q-TOF-MS and interdisciplinary assay, aiming to explore potential PCSK9 inhibitors from mixtures rapidly and accurately. PCSK9 was expressed and purified firstly, and then the recombined PCSK9 was coated on the surface of magnetic beads (MBs). The PCSK9-immobilized MBs (PCSK9-MBs) were used for ligand fishing combined with HPLC and Q-TOF-MS/MS. Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBL), an herbal medicine widely used in Asia and Europe with good efficacy in treatment of hypercholesterolemia, were chosen as an illustration for ligand fishing. Two PCSK9 ligands were discovered from GBL and identified as kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (1) and kaempferol 3-O-26″-(6‴-p-coumaroyl) glucosylrhamnoside (KCGR) (2). In order to verify fishing results and pick out more powerful PCSK9 inhibitors, molecular docking assay was further performed and KCGR was optimized to be an excellent PCSK9 inhibitor by the confirmation of affinity and activity bioassay. These results suggested that the developed approach could be applied to screen and analysis potential bioactive constituents from mixtures, which may improve the efficiency of drug discovery. Moreover, KCGR separated from GBL was expected to be a potential candidate of PCSK9 inhibitors.
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