The nanocomposite materials of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphene oxide (PEDOT/GO), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/MnO 2 (PEDOT/MnO 2 ), and poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphene oxide/MnO 2 (PEDOT/GO/MnO 2 ) were successfully prepared by facile and template-free solution method. The structure and morphology of nanonanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra (UV–vis), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. The catalytic activities of nanocomposites were investigated through the degradation processes of methylene blue (MB) solution under dark, UV light, and nature sunlight irradiation, respectively. The results displayed that nanocomposites were successfully synthesized, and PEDOT/GO had higher conjugation length and doped degree than pure PEDOT. However, the introduction of MnO 2 could lead to the reduction of conjugation length and doped degree in PEDOT/MnO 2 and PEDOT/GO/MnO 2 nanocomposites. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis also showed that both MnO 2 and GO had some effect on the morphology of nanocomposites. The catalytic activities of pure PEDOT and nanocomposites were in the order of PEDOT/GO/MnO 2 > PEDOT/MnO 2 > PEDOT/GO > pure PEDOT. Besides, the catalytic results also showed that the highest degradation efficiency of MB after 7 h occurred in the PEDOT/GO/MnO 2 composite in three irradiation.
Yanyan Xu,Xien Yang,Zhiwen Liang,Lizhang Lin,Wenbo Zhao,Liyang Wang,Yu Xia,Xudong Lin,Mang I. Vai,Sio Hang Pun,Baijun Zhang
Optogenetics-based integrated photoelectrodes with high spatiotemporal resolution play an important role in studying complex neural activities. However, the photostimulation artifacts caused by the high level of integration and the high impedance of metal recording electrodes still hinder the application of photoelectrodes for optogenetic studies of neural circuits. In this study, a neural optrode fabricated on sapphire GaN material was proposed, and 4 μLEDs and 14 recording microelectrodes were monolithically integrated on a shank. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrenesulfonate and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PEDOT:PSS-MWCNT) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and graphene oxide (PEDOT-GO) composite films were deposited on the surface of the recording microelectrode by electrochemical deposition. The results demonstrate that compared with the gold microelectrode, the impedances of both composite films reduced by more than 98%, and the noise amplitudes decreased by 70.73 and 87.15%, respectively, when exposed to light stimulation. Adjusting the high and low levels, we further reduced the noise amplitude by 48.3%. These results indicate that modifying the electrode surface by a polymer composite film can effectively enhance the performance of the microelectrode and further promote the application of the optrode in the field of neuroscience.
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