Wenjing Wang,Zhenlan Xu,Xiaoxia Zhang,Andreas Wimmer,En Shi,Yang Qin,Xueping Zhao,Baocheng Zhou,Lingxiangyu Li
Organic micropollutants (OMPs), including both regulated and emerging contaminants, have been extensively detected in ground and surface waters, posing hazards to organisms and humans. Rapid and efficient removal of OMPs from environmental water by novel sorbents is still faced with severe challenges. Here we developed a magnetic nanoparticles-attached fluorographene-based (MNPs@FG) sorbent with high affinity to OMPs such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) compared to powdered activated carbon, the most widespread sorbent for OMPs removal. The removal efficiencies of PFOA and PFOS using the MNPs@FG sorbent were systematically examined at room temperature. The MNPs@FG sorbent showed 92–95% and 94–97% removal efficiencies of PFOA (180 μg/L) and PFOS (180 μg/L) in 2 min respectively, with relatively high sorption capacities for PFOA (50.4 mg/g) and PFOS (17.2 mg/g). The adsorption performance was stable even in the presence of natural organic matter. Moreover, the MNPs@FG sorbent could notably reduce PFOA and PFOS from ∼5 μg/L (an environmentally relevant concentration) to <50 ng/L in environmental water, lower than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency health advisory level (70 ng/L). Besides PFOA and PFOS, the MNPs@FG sorbent also showed high removal efficiencies (97–99%) of difloxacin hydrochloride (DIF), acetochlor (ACE) and chlorantraniliprole (CHL) in short time (e.g. 10 min). The used MNPs@FG sorbent was facilely regenerated by methanol washing and reused five times without reduction in PFOA/PFOS removal and magnetic performance. Thus, this study provided a novel sorbent for rapid and effective removal of OMPs from environmental water.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants with exceptional stability and significant ecological risk. However, their distribution and accumulation in soil–crop systems, especially for the replacement compound GenX, remain poorly characterized. Here, rice ( Oryza sativa , Nipponbare) was cultivated for five months in paddy soils amended with PFOA, PFOS, and GenX to map fate, bioaccumulation, and toxic responses across the soil–crop system and to derive soil safety thresholds protective of human health. PFAS exposure (10–100 μg/g) altered plant morphology and development and induced dose-linear oxidative stress (SOD, POD, CAT, MDA, H 2 O 2 , protein). Compound-specific translocation emerged: short-chain GenX showed greater upward transport and endosperm accumulation, whereas long-chain PFOA/PFOS were more root-retained (endosperm accumulation in total plant: PFOA 8.973–10.440%, PFOS 9.951–12.800%, GenX 10.286–20.773%). Overall toxic potency ranked PFOA ≥ PFOS > GenX. Based on measured plant uptake, we propose provisional exposure safety thresholds for rice cultivation of 3.157 ng/g (PFOA), 2.327 ng/g (PFOS), and 21.220 ng/g (GenX). This growth-cycle assessment provides an integrated evidence base for PFAS ecological risk evaluation and delivers actionable guidance to safeguard food security.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）