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JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING · 2024 · IF 1.7

Preparation and properties of PLCL/OM-Laponite materials with potential applications in orthopedic bandage

Yan Ren,Yonggang Lin,Yabei Ding,Ruimin Tang,Minglong Yuan,Hongli Li,Yongming Chuan

Poly( l -lactide- co -caprolactone) (PLCL) is the polymeric material with good biodegradability and biocompatible properties, but it is insufficient in strength properties that the pure PLCL is performed as orthopedic bandage. The PLCL has been blended with the laponite which is modified by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to prepare composited bandage splines. The organic-modified laponite (OM-laponite) results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetry analysis (TG) indicate that the laponite was successfully grafted with CTAB and the thermal stability was improved with increasing CTAB. The mechanical properties reveal that elongation at break strengthen with the increasing OM-laponite. When the content of OM-laponite is 2.0 %, the elongation at break and tensile strength of composited spline are superior to the medical orthopedic bandage. The results of thermal stability show that it was helpful to improve the crystallization properties of PLCL with the addition of OM-laponite. The water contact angle results demonstrate that the hydrophilicity is enhanced and is beneficial to cell adhesion. The results of cell experiment illustrate that the composite materials have a certain effect on cell proliferation when the content of OM-laponite is less than 2 %. Compared with the medical orthopedic bandage, it is satisfied with the application requirements.

CAS / MDL: 301-10-0
研究领域: 生物医学工程 · 材料科学
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JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS APPLICATIONS · 2019 · IF 2.442

PEGylated chitosan and PEGylated PLCL for blood vessel repair: An in vitro study

Anlin Yin,Xiaorong Lan,Weihua Zhuang,Zhonglan Tang,Yan Li,Yunbing Wang

In this study, we fabricated native tissue mimicking a bilayered small-diameter vascular graft based on PEGylated chitosan (PEG–CS) and poly(l-lactic acid-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL). PEG–CS possesses good hemocompatibility, and as the inner layer of a vascular graft, it is more likely to swell and deform to debris, causing a blood clot, so the PLCL was added to stabilize it. In order to optimize the performance of the inner layer, PEG–CS blends with different ratios of PLCL (P/C:PLCL) casting films were fabricated, and endothelial cell compatibility and hemocompatibility were tested. The outer layer of the graft was fabricated via electrospinning with PLCL blends with different ratios of water-soluble polyethylene glycol. After water treatment, we tested smooth muscle cell penetration. Designing a two-layer vascular graft structure with an inner layer of P/C:PLCL = 1:6 and an outer layer being composed of a PLCL blend with 12% polyethylene glycol offers very good hemocompatibility and fast cell growth and also reserves well mechanical properties with good cell infiltration. Therefore, this kind of graft has a high potential to be used as an artificial blood vessel.

CAS / MDL: 3055-93-4 25322-68-3
研究领域: 生物材料学 · 组织工程学
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Biomed Research International · 2018 · IF 2.583

A 3D-Printed PLCL Scaffold Coated with Collagen Type I and Its Biocompatibility

Yong He,Wei Liu,Lianxiong Guan,Jielin Chen,Li Duan,Zhaofeng Jia,Jianghong Huang,Wencui Li,Jianquan Liu,Jianyi Xiong,Lijun Liu,Daping Wang

Scaffolds play an important role in tissue engineering and their structure and biocompatibility have great influence on cell behaviors. In this study, poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) scaffolds were printed by a 3D printing technology, low-temperature deposition manufacturing (LDM), and then PLCL scaffolds were treated by alkali and coated with collagen type I (COLI). The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), porosity test, mechanical test, and infrared spectroscopy. The prepared PLCL and PLCL-COLI scaffolds had three-dimensional (3D) porous structure and they not only have macropores but also have micropores in the deposited lines. Although the mechanical property of PLCL-COLI was slightly lower than that of PLCL scaffold, the hydrophilicity of PLCL-COLI was significantly enhanced. Rabbit articular chondrocytes were extracted and were identified as chondrocytes by toluidine blue staining. To study the biocompatibility, the chondrocytes were seeded on scaffolds for 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days. MTT assay showed that the proliferation of chondrocytes on PLCL-COLI scaffold was better than that on PLCL scaffold. And the morphology of cells on PLCL-COLI after 1-day culture was much better than that on PLCL. This 3D-printed PLCL scaffold coated with COLI shows a great potential application in tissue engineering.

CAS / MDL: 123-91-1
研究领域: 生物材料 · 组织工程 · 细胞生物学
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JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS APPLICATIONS · 2023 · IF 2.9

PLCL-TPU bi-layered artificial blood vessel with compliance matching to host vessel

Lihua Guan,Huijing Zhao,Kai Wang,Ke-qin Zhang,Kai Meng

Compliance mismatch between the artificial blood vessel and the host vessel leads to abnormal hemodynamics and is a major mechanical trigger of intimal hyperplasia. Efforts have been made to achieve higher compliance of artificial blood vessels. However, the preparation of artificial blood vessels with compliance matching to host vessels has not been realized. A bi-layered artificial blood vessel was successfully prepared by dip-coating and electrospinning composite method using poly(L-Lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) and thermoplastic poly(ether urethane) (TPU). In the case of a certain wall thickness (200 μm), thickness ratios of the PLCL inner layer (dip-coating method) and TPU outer layer (electrospinning method) were controlled at 0:1, 1:9, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3, and 1:0 respectively and the compliance, radial tensile properties, burst pressure, and suture retention strength were investigated. Results showed compliance value of the artificial blood vessel decreased with the increase of the thickness ratio, which suggested the compliance of the bi-layered artificial blood vessel can be regulated by adjusting the ratio of the inner and outer layer thicknesses. In the six different artificial blood vessels, the one with thickness ratio of 1:9 not only had high compliance (8.768 ± 0.393%/100 mmHg) but also can guarantee the other mechanical properties, such as the radial breaking strength (6.333 ± 0.689 N/mm), burst pressure (534.473 ± 20.899 mmHg), and suture retention strength (300.773 ± 9.351 cN). The proposed artificial blood vessel preparation method is expected to achieve compliance matching with the host vessel. It is beneficial for eliminating abnormal hemodynamics and reducing intimal hyperplasia.

研究领域: 生物医学工程 · 材料科学 · 心血管外科
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES · 2023 · IF 8.2

Fabrication and performance evaluation of PLCL-hCOLIII small-diameter vascular grafts crosslinked with procyanidins

Han Wang,Yonghao Xiao,Zhiping Fang,Yuanguo Zhang,Liu Yang,Chenyu Zhao,Zhu Meng,Yu Liu,Chongchong Li,Qianqian Han,Zengguo Feng

Cardiovascular disease has become one of the main causes of death. It is the common goal of researchers worldwide to develop small-diameter vascular grafts to meet clinical needs. Collagen is a valuable biomaterial that has been used in the preparation of vascular grafts and has shown good results. Recombinant humanized collagen (RHC) has the advantages of clear chemical structure, batch stability, no virus hazard and low immunogenicity compared with animal-derived collagen, which can be developed as vascular materials. In this study, Poly ( l -lactide- ε-caprolactone) with l -lactide/ε-caprolactone (PLCL) and type III recombinant humanized collagen (hCOLIII) were selected as raw materials to prepare vascular grafts, which were prepared by the same-nozzle electrospinning apparatus. Meanwhile, procyanidin (PC), a plant polyphenol, was used to cross-link the vascular grafts. The physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of the fabricated vascular grafts were investigated by comparing with glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinked vascular grafts and pure PLCL grafts. Finally, the performance of PC cross-linked PLCL-hCOLIII vascular grafts were evaluated by rabbit carotid artery transplantation model. The results indicate that the artificial vascular grafts have good cell compatibility, blood compatibility, and anti-calcification performance, and can remain unobstructed after 30 days carotid artery transplantation in rabbits. The grafts also showed inhibitory effects on the proliferation of SMCs and intimal hyperplasia, demonstrating its excellent performance as small diameter vascular grafts.

CAS / MDL: 920-66-1
研究领域: 生物材料 · 组织工程 · 血管外科 · 生物医学工程
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Biomaterials Science · 2022 ·Vol. 10 ·期 13 ·3559-3568 · IF 7.59

Regional anticoagulation magnetic artificial blood vessels constructed by heparin-PLCL core–shell nanofibers for rapid deployment of veno-venous bypass

Peng Liu,Lifei Yang,Aihua Shi,Yerong Qian,Xin Liu,Dinghui Dong,Xufeng Zhang,Yi Lv,Junxi Xiang

Veno-venous bypass (VVB) is necessary for maintaining hemodynamic and internal environment stabilities in complex liver surgeries. However, the current VVB strategies require systematic anticoagulation and are time-consuming, leading to unexpected complications. This study aims to overcome these limitations by using a novel magnetic artificial blood vessel constructed with heparin-PLCL core–shell nanofibers. Coaxial electrospinning was used to fabricate core–shell nanofibers with heparin encapsulated into the core layer. The microstructure, physical and chemical properties, hemocompatibility, and heparin release behavior were characterized. The regional anticoagulation magnetic artificial vessel was constructed with these nanofibers and used to perform VVB in a rat liver transplantation model for in vivo evaluation. The core–shell nanofibers appeared smooth and uniform without apparent defects. Fluorescence and TEM images indicated that heparin was successfully encapsulated into the core layer. In addition, the in vitro heparin release test presented a two-phase release profile, burst release at day 1 and sustained release from days 2 to 14, which resulted in better hemocompatibility. The VVB could be rapidly deployed in 3.65 ± 0.83 min by the magnetic artificial vessel without systemic anticoagulation. Moreover, the novel device could reduce portal pressure and abdominal organ congestion, protect intestinal function, and increase the survival rate of liver transplantation with a long anhepatic phase from 0 to 65%. In summary, VVB can be rapidly deployed using regional anticoagulation magnetic artificial blood vessels without systemic anticoagulation, which is promising for improving patient outcomes after complex liver surgery.

CAS / MDL: 920-66-1 25322-68-3
研究领域: 生物医学工程 · 材料科学 · 移植外科
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BIOMACROMOLECULES · 2023 · IF 6.2

Bioinspired PLCL/Elastin Nanofibrous Vascular Tissue Engineering Scaffold Enhances Endothelial Cells and Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cells

Xiaofeng Wang,Zhiyuan Bai,Kecheng Li,Jiahui Dong,Han Zhang,Xuedi Liu,Wenjuan Han,Qian Li

In vascular tissue engineering, a scaffold that can enhance the proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) while inhibiting the synthetic differentiation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is crucial to prevent thrombus and restenosis after graft implantation. However, it is always challenging to incorporate both properties simultaneously in a vascular tissue engineering scaffold. In this study, a novel composite material was developed by combining a synthetic biopolymer of poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) and a natural biopolymer of elastin through electrospinning. Cross-linking of the PLCL/elastin composite fibers using EDC/NHS was performed to stabilize the elastin component. The incorporation of elastin into PLCL was found to enhance the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of the resulting PLCL/elastin composite fibers, as well as the mechanical properties. Additionally, as a natural component of the extracellular matrix, elastin displayed antithrombotic properties reducing platelet adhesion and improving blood compatibility. Results of cell culture experiments with human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) and human umbilical artery SMCs (HUASMCs) showed that the composite fiber membrane had high cell viability, promoting the proliferation and adhesion of HUVECs and inducing a contractile phenotype in HUASMCs. These results indicate that the PLCL/elastin composite material has great potential for use in vascular graft applications due to its favorable properties and rapid endothelialization and contractile phenotypes of cells.

研究领域: 组织工程 · 生物材料 · 血管生物学 · 生物医学工程
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Advanced Healthcare Materials · 2024 · IF 10

The Combination of Aligned PDA-Fe@PLCL Conduit with Aligned GelMA Hydrogel Promotes Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Penghui Wang,Jiongming You,Guang Liu,Qiming Wang,Linjie Zhang,Xinwu Lu,Jinbao Qin,Zhihui Dong,Bingcheng Yi,Qun Huang

Biomaterial-assisted therapeutic strategies enable precise modulation to direct endogenous cellular responses and harness regenerative capabilities for nerve repair. However, achieving effective cellular engagement during nerve remodeling remains challenging. Herein, a novel composite nerve guidance conduit (NGC), the GelMA/PLys@PDA-Fe@PLCL conduit is developed by combining aligned poly( l -lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) nanofibers modified with polydopamine (PDA), ferrous iron (Fe 3 ⁺), and polylysine (PLys) with aligned methacrylate-anhydride gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel nanofibers. PDA films exhibit strong adhesion and metal coordination properties, allowing Fe 3 ⁺ irons to chelate with phenolic hydroxyl groups of dopamine derivatives, forming a metal-phenolic network on PLCL. PLys molecules are then grafted onto PDA-Fe 3 ⁺ coating via Schiff base and Michael addition reactions. This multifunctional coating enhances surface roughness and zeta potential of PLCL nanofibers, imparts superhydrophilicity with anisotropic wetting behavior, and maintains wet tensile properties of substrates. In vitro studies show that the PLys@PDA-Fe coating significantly promotes aligned distribution of Schwann cells, improves cell adhesion and differentiation, and demonstrates notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. When implanted into nerve defects in rats, the multifunctional coating conduit combined with aligned GelMA hydrogel effectively accelerates axonal regeneration, remyelination, and angiogenesis, leading to enhanced motor function recovery. Overall, the GelMA/PLys@PDA-Fe@PLCL conduit presents a promising strategy for advancing peripheral nerve repair.

CAS / MDL: 760-93-0
研究领域: 生物材料 · 组织工程 · 神经科学 · 再生医学
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COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS · 2025 · IF 7.7

Low-dose STS–PEG–chitosan coating on PLCL scaffolds: A multifunctional strategy for endothelialization, anti-inflammation, and antithrombosis in vascular grafts

Yutong Liu,Xiaolin Sun,Yunhuan Li,Kuihua Zhang,Zhiyong Yan,Changlin Zhai,Jinglei Wu,Anlin Yin

The long-term success of small-diameter vascular grafts remains limited by thrombosis, chronic inflammation, and poor endothelialization. To address these challenges, we developed a multifunctional coating strategy by integrating polyethylene glycol–chitosan (PEG–CS) with low-dose sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS, 0.01 %) on poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) scaffolds. The PEG–CS/STS coating significantly improved hydrophilicity and structural stability, while providing bioactivity that promoted endothelial cell proliferation and alignment. In vitro studies demonstrated markedly reduced platelet adhesion and activation, along with a favorable shift in macrophage polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. These synergistic effects create a vascular-friendly microenvironment that promotes endothelialization and suppresses thrombosis and inflammation. PEG reduces platelet adsorption, allowing STS to exert its anti-inflammatory effects, while chitosan’s electrostatic interaction with STS supports its stable loading and controlled release, enhancing its bioactivity. Our findings highlight that the PEG-CS/STS modified scaffold effectively integrates endothelialization, immunomodulation, and antithrombotic protection, representing a promising next generation strategy for small diameter vascular grafts.

CAS / MDL: 25322-68-3 920-66-1
研究领域: 生物医学工程 · 组织工程 · 血管生物学 · 生物材料 · 再生医学
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JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION · 2021 · IF 3.517

Drug-loaded PLCL/PEO-SA bilayer nanofibrous membrane for controlled release

Yifan Huang,Lei Wang,Yi Liu,Tingxiao Li,Binjie Xin

The bilayer nanofibrous membrane fabricated via electrospinning technique can be considered as an ideal structure for the treatment of chronic skin diseases and exudative wound dressings. Wound exudate would affect healing and increases the likelihood of infection at the same time. Therefore, it is essential to produce a kind of wound dressing with relatively high hygroscopicity which could absorb wound exudate and provide a relatively dry healing environment. Bilayer nanofibrous membranes of poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone)/tetracycline hydrochloride- polyethylene oxide/sodium alginate-zinc oxide (PLCL/TCH-PEO/SA-ZnO) with drug delivery potential were prepared by electrospinning for wound healing. Then, a cross-linking which involved soaking the samples in an aqueous solution containing strontium ions for 4 h was conducted. SEM images showed that membranes still maintained the peculiar nanofibrous structure. The spinning aid (PEO) used was removed in the cross-linked alginate without affecting the PLCL/TCH outer layer gave the membrane good mechanical properties and manageability. The hydrophilicity of the mats was tested to evaluate the ability of the bilayer membrane to absorb exudate from the wound. In vitro drug release suggested that antibacterial agents TCH could release continuously more than 10 days. The cross-linked fibrous membrane has improved mechanical properties and fluid repellency, thus representing a barrier to the external environment and effective wound protection. Consequently, the bilayer fibrous scaffold with good hygroscopicity and drug release properties would have wide applications prospects for the treatment of chronic skin diseases and exudative wound dressings.

研究领域: 生物材料学 · 药剂学 · 医学工程
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES · 2026 · IF 5.9

SilMA-stabilized micro-wavy PLCL vascular grafts for native-like nonlinear mechanics and vascular remodeling

Ning Zhang,Yingzheng Lyu,Haotian Cong,Songzan Liu,Kecheng Li,Yahua Li,Xiaomeng Li,Kai Wang,Xiaofeng Wang,Qian Li

Wet electrospinning generated micro-wavy PLCL grafts with tunable nonlinear elasticity. • Relaxation programming shifted the toe-region response toward the arterial range. • Fiber-anchored SilMA photopolymerization stabilized the programmed architecture. • PLCL–SilMA grafts achieved physiological compliance and improved hemocompatibility. • FSI and in vivo studies showed controlled deformation and organized vascular remodeling. Cardiovascular diseases remain a major cause of mortality, yet small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) are still limited by thrombosis and pathological luminal remodeling caused in part by mechanical mismatch. Here, we developed electrospun poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) grafts with a mechanically programmed micro-wavy architecture and artery-like nonlinear elasticity. A conformal methacrylated silk fibroin (SilMA) layer was photopolymerized onto the PLCL fibers to stabilize the programmed structure and improve the blood-contacting interface. The resulting graft preserved a porous architecture, achieved a compliance of 15.0 ± 1.8% per 100 mmHg, and maintained nonlinear mechanics during degradation. Fluid–structure interaction analysis showed improved diameter matching and local hemodynamic distributions closer to those of native arteries under pulsatile loading. SilMA modification also improved hemocompatibility by reducing clot formation and platelet adhesion. At 30 days, the final graft formulation remained patent and showed continuous endothelial coverage, organized α-SMA⁺ tissue formation, and a mild inflammatory response. These results demonstrate that interfacial photostabilization can integrate mechanical matching with organized vascular remodeling in biodegradable SDVGs.

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE · 2022 ·Vol. 33 ·期 10 ·1-13 · IF 4.727

Biological small-calibre tissue engineered blood vessels developed by electrospinning and in-body tissue architecture

Su Zhixiang,Xing Yuehao,Wang Fei,Xu Zeqin,Gu Yongquan

There are no suitable methods to develop the small-calibre tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) that can be widely used in the clinic. In this study, we developed a new method that combines electrospinning and in-body tissue architecture(iBTA) to develop small-calibre TEBVs. Electrospinning imparted mechanical properties to the TEBVs, and the iBTA imparted biological properties to the TEBVs. The hybrid fibres of PLCL (poly(L-lactic-co-ε-caprolactone) and PU (Polyurethane) were obtained by electrospinning, and the fibre scaffolds were then implanted subcutaneously in the abdominal area of the rabbit (as an in vivo bioreactor). The biotubes were harvested after four weeks. The mechanical properties of the biotubes were most similar to those of the native rabbit aorta. Biotubes and the PLCL/PU vascular scaffolds were implanted into the rabbit carotid artery. The biotube exhibited a better patency rate and certain remodelling ability in the rabbit model, which indicated the potential use of this hybridization method to develop small-calibre TEBVs. Sketch map of developing the biotube. The vascular scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning (A). Silicone tube was used as the core, and the vascular scaffold was used as the shell (B). The vascular scaffold and silicone tube were implanted subcutaneously in the abdominal area of the rabbit (C). The biotube was extruded from the silicone tube after 4 weeks ofembedding (D). The biotube was implanted for the rabbit carotid artery (E).

研究领域: 组织工程 · 生物材料 · 生物医学工程
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