Introduction: Diabetes mellitus often leads to bone metabolism disorders, hindering bone regeneration and delaying the healing of bone defects. β-Ecdysone, a plant-derived hormone known for its wide range of physiological activities, possesses hypoglycemic effects and promotes osteogenic differentiation. This study developed a composite PLGA slow-release scaffold loaded with β-ecdysone to enhance its bioavailability through topical administration and to investigate its potential to heal diabetic bone defects.Methods: The composite scaffolds were fabricated using solution casting/particle leaching and freeze-drying techniques. Then a series of characterizations were subjected to test the performance of composite scaffolds, and in vitro safety of the composite scaffolds was tested by CCK8 assay and live/dead cell staining. Further, micro-CT and histology to evaluate the effect of β-E/PLGA composite scaffolds on healing of skull defects in diabetic rats at 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. Simultaneously, the safety of the scaffolds in vivo was also evaluated.Results: The material characterization results indicated that, in comparison to the single-pore size scaffold, the composite scaffold exhibited superior porosity, swelling ratio, drug loading capacity, and mechanical properties. Additionally, the composite scaffolds showed appropriate degradation performance and sustained drug release profiles. The CCK8 cytotoxicity assay and live/dead cell staining demonstrated that BMSCs survived and proliferated on the composite scaffold under both low-glucose and high-glucose conditions. Micro-CT and histological investigation demonstrated that β-E/PLGA composite scaffolds promoted new bone growth in the skull defect region of diabetic rats.Conclusion: Overall, these findings suggest that the β-E/PLGA composite scaffolds promote the healing of bone defects in diabetic rats. The combination of β-ecdysone and tissue-engineered scaffolds presents a promising approach for treating diabetes-related bone defects.
Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation of the male urogenital system. As a recently arisen reconstruction method for hypospadias, polymer tissue engineering urethral scaffold often results in necrosis and other complications due to the lack of bioactivity. To improve the bioactivity of polymer, in this work, we prepared biodegradable Mg/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) composite nanofiber scaffolds by electrospun with 3, 6, and 9 wt.% of micron-scale Mg particles. The mechanical properties of the PLGA scaffold gradually decrease with the addition of Mg particles but still at an acceptable level. On the other hand, these composite scaffolds show very good biocompatibility and promotional bioactivity, namely non-cytotoxicity, gradual proliferation enhancement, and good adhesion state of human adipose stem cells (HADSCs) on the scaffold surface. Besides, through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) test, different genes expression levels of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also gradually up-regulated with the increase in Mg content. The present results indicate that Mg containing PLGA scaffolds might not only have the potential to promote tissue regeneration related to urethral repair, but also stimulate endothelial cells to achieve vascularization and anti-inflammatory functions. Consequently, considering both the mechanical properties and bioactivity for clinical demand, the Mg/PLGA composite scaffolds with suitable Mg contents are promising for the regeneration of defective urethral tissues.
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