Q. Wang,L. Bian,K. Li,Y.C. Liu,Y.L. Yang,B. Yang,W.W. Cao
<001> textured Pb(Ni 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbZrO 3 -PbTiO 3 (PNN-PZT) ceramics were prepared by templated grain growth (TGG) technique using 0.36PNN- x PZ-(0.64- x )PT ( x = 0.23, 0.25 and 0.27) powder matrix. Optimum template content was derived to achieve the best electromechanical properties of textured ceramics. The piezoelectric coefficient d 33 = 1165 pC/N, Curie temperature T C = 197 °C, longitudinal mode electromechanical coupling factor k 33 = 0.86 and a very large effective piezoelectric strain coefficient d 33 * = 2041 pm/V were simultaneously achieved at the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition ( x = 0.25) with 3 vol.% BaTiO 3 (BT) templates. Domain structures of textured ceramics were analyzed in detail to reveal the origin of these high piezoelectric and electromechanical properties.
The ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 ≥ 1000 pC/N) exhibited by piezoelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT) ceramics not only captivates researchers but also holds considerable practical value across various applications. While significant progress has been made in enhancing piezoelectricity of PZT-based ceramics, novel mechanisms need to be proposed to explain the piezoelectric behavior of new systems with ultrahigh d 33 . In this study, we initially employ LiNbO 3 as an additive to enhance the piezoelectric properties of the Pb(Ni 1 / 3 Nb 2 / 3 )O 3 –PbZrO 3 –PbTiO 3 ceramics. and the optimal performance is achieved by incorporating 1.5 mol% of LiNbO 3 into the system, resulting in an ultrahigh d 33 ∼1178 pC/N ( d 33 * ∼1560 p.m./V (@ E = 5 kV/cm)). The corresponding mechanism for this superior piezoelectric response involves the AB-site co-doping effect, especially the ( Li Pb ′ − Nb Zr / Ti ∙ ) defect dipoles formed by the introduction of LiNbO 3 . In particular, the addition of LiNbO 3 leads to a more uniform distribution of domain sizes, thereby further enhancing the ultrahigh piezoelectricity. These findings pave the way for a deeper under-standing of the origin of ultrahigh piezoelectric properties and make substantial contributions to the advancement of piezoelectric materials for practical applications in electromechanical devices.
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