Synthesis of MoBTx@SF@PA composite for efficient and rapid adsorption of indomethacin and ceftriaxone: Unveiling exceptional adsorption performance and potential mechanisms
Designing effective adsorbents for adsorption of the threatening level of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) pollution is an immediate challenge for wastewater treatment. In the current work, molybdenum borides (MoBT x ) were first composited with silk fibroin (SF) through ultrasonic self-assembly. Then, the MoBT x @SF composite’s surface was modified with phytic acid (PA) to create MoBT x @SF@PA composite. The as-synthesized MoBT x @SF@PA adsorbent was developed to effectively remove indomethacin (IDM) and ceftriaxone (CEF). Due to the abundance of functional groups, highly exposed available active sites, and higher BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area (786.8 m 2 /g), MoBT x @SF@PA demonstrated an outstanding adsorption capability for IDM (549.89 mg/g) and CEF (959.18 mg/g), exceeding the earlier reported adsorbents. A kinetic study revealed that the interaction between the MoBT x @SF@PA adsorbent and PPCPs obeyed a pseudo-second-order model (PSO), implying that chemisorption controls the adsorption process. The Langmuir isotherm model and thermodynamic study indicated that IDM and CEF adsorption followed monolayer adsorption and were endothermic and spontaneous. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to explore the adsorption mechanism. Multiple hydrogen bindings, electrostatic interactions, high surface area, and porosity of the composite were primarily responsible for remarkable adsorption capacity. These results highlight a versatile approach for MoBT x -based adsorbent preparation with exceptional adsorption qualities appropriate for real-world PPCPc-polluted wastewater treatment.
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