ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 11.3
Ningbo Geng,Shijiao Hou,Shuai Sun,Rong Cao,Haijun Zhang,Xianbo Lu,Shusheng Zhang,Jiping Chen,Yanhao Zhang
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q) has been identified as the cause of the “urban runoff mortality syndrome.” Thus, the ecological risks of substituted p-phenylenediamines (PPDs) and their quinone derivatives (PPD-Qs) in water have gained global attention. However, large-scale observation of their pollution characteristics in surface water is still lacking. Herein, a nationwide investigation revealed the pervasive occurrence of PPDs and PPD-Qs in riverine waters across China, with the mean concentration of ∑5PPD-Qs being 4.9 times higher than their parent ∑5PPDs. Notably, the 6PPD-Q concentrations at eight sampling sites exceeded the median lethal concentration for coho salmon. National annual riverine fluxes were estimated at 113.1 and 276.2 tonnes/year for PPDs and PPD-Qs, respectively, with the Yangtze River contributing more than one-third of the total fluxes. The transformation of PPDs to PPD-Qs was dependent on atmospheric hydroxylation rates and the half-lives of PPDs. A combined multimedia exposure assessment revealed that water exposure accounted for 82.5% of human exposure to PPDs and PPD-Qs, surpassing the contributions from dust and air exposure. This study provides a comprehensive spatial picture of PPDs and PPD-Qs in China. The national atlas highlights their potential ecological risks and implies that targeted actions should be taken to mitigate potential exposure to PPDs and PPD-Qs.
研究领域:
环境科学
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毒理学
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生态学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
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2025
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IF 8.2
Xin Wan,Geyu Liang,Dayong Wang
The 6-PPD quinone (6-PPDQ) is derived from 6-PPD, an antioxidant added in tires. Citric acid cycle plays a pivotal role in biochemical metabolisms. In Caenorhabditis elegans , we examined effect of 6-PPDQ exposure on citric acid cycle and the role of alteration in acetyl CoA and pyruvate contents during this process. In citric acid cycle, contents of intermediates were reduced by 0.1–10 μg/L 6-PPDQ. Meanwhile, expression of key enzyme genes ( cts-1 , idh-2 , dlst-1 , and dld-1 ) for citric acid cycle was decreased by 0.1–10 μg/L 6-PPDQ. After 6-PPDQ exposure, citric acid content was reduced by cts-1 RNAi, and NADH content was reduced by idh-2 , dlst-1 , and dld-1 RNAi. Exposure to 6-PPDQ (0.1–10 μg/L) further decreased acetyl CoA and pyruvate contents, and inhibited expression of enzyme genes ( dlat-1 and dld-1 ) governing acetyl CoA synthesis and enzyme genes ( pyk-1 and pyk-2 ) governing pyruvate synthesis. After 6-PPDQ exposure, dlat-1 and dld-1 RNAi reduced contents of acetyl CoA, citric acid, and NADH, and pyk-1 and pyk-2 RNAi reduced contents of pyruvate, citric acid, and NADH. In 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes, cts-1 , idh-2 , dlst-1 , dld-1 , dlat-1 , pyk-1 , and pyk-2 RNAi further caused susceptibility to 6-PPDQ toxicity. Our results suggested 6-PPDQ exposure risk in resulting in damage on citric acid cycle, which was linked to its toxicity induction.
研究领域:
环境毒理学
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分子生物学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2023
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IF 13.6
Xu Zhang,Zifang Peng,Shijiao Hou,Qiannan Sun,Hang Yuan,Dan Yin,Wenfen Zhang,Yanhao Zhang,Jianwei Tang,Shusheng Zhang,Zongwei Cai
p -Phenylenediamine (PPD) antioxidants are heavily used for protection of commercial rubber products (e.g., vehicle tire), resulting in their widespread contamination in ecosystem. PPD-quinones (PPDQs), the toxic quinone derivatives of PPDs, are also discovered as novel environmental pollutants. However, the contamination characteristics of PPDs/PPDQs in fresh atmospheric snow (without deposition on the Earth surface) have seldom been studied. This work first reports the broad distributions of PPDs and PPDQs in fresh atmospheric snow collected from seven Chinese urban areas. Individual median values of detected concentrations were in the ranges of 0.4 to 260 pg g −1 (PPDs) and 0.7 to 104 pg g −1 (PPDQs). The concentration deviation by long-term deposition on the ground was eliminated. In most sampling regions, wearing of vehicle rubber tires was possibly responsible for spatial-dependent PPDs’ pollution level variations, and high concentrations of PPDs promoted PPDQs’ formation in snow from atmosphere. Yet, excessive O 3 may further oxidize and reduce PPDQs in atmospheric fresh snow from Zhengzhou, which is different from previous research. Furthermore, snowfall was noticed might amplify concentrations of three PPDs and PPDQs in an inland lake, which possibly worsen corresponding pollution in water system. Current study elucidates the potential impacts of snow-bound PPDs/PPDQs on ecosystems should not be underestimated.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学
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生态学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
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2025
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IF 6.1
Zifang Peng,Shijiao Hou,Qingyun He,Fangcheng Su,Lishun Ren,Congcong Pei,Dan Yin,Yanhao Zhang,Yanjie Huang,Shusheng Zhang,Zongwei Cai
p- Phenylenediamine (PPD) antioxidants and their quinone derivatives (PPDQs), as hot-spot novel contaminants in recent years, have been detected in air fine particulate matters (PM 2.5 ) in multiple regions. However, current research all discussed the pollution of PPDs and PPDQs based on the collected PM 2.5 samples at least in one day (23.5 h). In this work, an innovative study was conducted to investigate their precise daily pollution characteristics and health risks based on high-resolution collected PM 2.5 samples every 1.5 hours in one week in Zhengzhou, a megacity continuously suffers from serious air contamination in central China. The composition patterns and sources of PPDs and PPDQs were discovered and more serious contamination of them were both found at the day-time (07:00–19:00). Almost all daily time intervals with relatively high pollution levels of PPDs and PPDQs were commuting time for majority of workers, which was possibly because of increased rubber tire abrasion induced by huge traffic volume. The highest daily adults’ inhalation risks were also found in 11:30–13:00 and 16:00–17:30 for PPDs and PPDQs in PM 2.5 , respectively. Current study builds the relationship between pollution status of such novel pollutants and human activities, and possibly guides people in central China to take precautions to protect themselves from environmental toxicants at special daily time.
研究领域:
环境科学
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公共卫生
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）