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Electrostatic Self-Assembly strategy Stabilizes perylene anode: Assisting Ultra-High-Voltage aqueous potassium ion micro batteries

Yuying Xu,Junjie Shi,Anyu Zhang,Minglong He,Qing Wu,Hailin Lu,Zhiwei Chen,Li Wen,Yang Yue,Siliang Wang

Aqueous zinc ion microbatteries (AZIMBs) are promising due to its safety and economy. However, the relatively high redox potential (−0.76 V vs. SHE) limitation of zinc metal seriously reduces the voltage of AZIMBs. In contrast, potassium metal has a very low redox potential (−2.93 V vs. SHE), which can provide higher voltage. Thus, we develop the first aqueous potassium ion microbatteries (APIMBs). Since potassium metal is unstable in aqueous electrolytes, we used 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI). To improve the stability of traditional perylene anode, the electrostatic self-assembly strategy is used to synthetic PTCDI/MXene anode with ultra-high cycle life (79.94 % capacity retention after 10,000 Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge (GCD) cycles at 10.0 A g −1 ) and low redox potential (−1.20 V vs. Ag/AgCl). The KFeMnHCF cathode with high capacity and voltage is selected to build ultra-high-voltage APIMBs with a voltage up to 2.6 V, excellent energy density (202.81 μWh cm −2 ), power density (7.99 mW cm −2 ), cycle life (89.17 % after 2500 GCD cycles at 5.0 mA cm −2 ), and flexibility (95.13 % under 180°). This work provides a promising direction for developing potassium storage materials and APIBs.