Hongyu Luo,Ming Yan,Yilin Wu,Xinyu Lin,Yongsheng Yan
Porous TiO 2 nanorods were synthesized by H 2 SO 4 etching method, combined with the synthesis technology of BiOBr-TiO 2 heterojunction and NCQDs to synthesis the ternary NCQDs-BiOBr-TiO 2 photocatalyst. The micromorphology and structural composition of different powder catalysts and photocatalytic composite membranes were studied by means of various characterization methods. The UV–vis DRS results indicated that the formation of BiOBr-TiO 2 heterojunction and the introduction of NCQDs extended the visible light absorption range of photocatalytic materials. The BSA adsorption performances of different composite membranes were investigated, and the results showed that 0.5-NCQDs-BiOBr-TiO 2 /PVDF composite membranes had strong antifouling properties. Moreover, it was found that the 0.5-NCQDs-BiOBr-TiO 2 /PVDF composite membranes exhibited high regeneration stability and easy separation recovery performance. The results showed that the TC degradation rate of 0.5-NCQDs-BiOBr-TiO 2 /PVDF composite membranes reached 77% within 120 min. Moreover, the pseudo first order kinetic apparent rate constant k value of the 0.5-NCQDs-BiOBr-TiO 2 /PVDF composite membranes was 0.01342 min −1 .
Membrane technologies offer great potential in desalination and wastewater treatment . However, the serious issue of membrane fouling results in the unsatisfactory sustainability and reusability for treating wastewater containing high level of organic foulants. In this work, a photocatalytic membrane reactor system combining Ag@BiOBr photocatalyst and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration with remarkable anti-fouling property was constructed. The integrated Ag@BiOBr/PVDF photocatalytic ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by blending Ag@BiOBr nanoparticles (NPs) into PVDF membrane via phase inversion method. The membrane separation performance and fouling resistance were studied in a cross-flow ultrafiltration system using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the model foulants. Compared with the pristine PVDF membrane, the hydrophilicity and surface smoothness of composite membranes were promoted by photocatalyst-incorporation, the Ag@BiOBr/PVDF membrane with the optimal Ag@BiOBr blending content of 2.0 wt% achieved both enhanced water flux and higher BSA rejection efficiency. More importantly, the mechanism of anti-fouling and self-cleaning performances were further studied, the photocatalysis process based on Ag@BiOBr/PVDF membrane effectively decomposed the BSA foulant into broken protein with induced change of carbonyl, ionic bond and hydrogen bond contents in BSA foulants via the active radicals, weakened the intermolecular force of BSA foulants to prevent membrane pore blockage. Meanwhile, the broken protein peptide chains with more negative charges could result in the strength of electrostatic repulsive forces between BSA molecules and membrane. As a result, the BSA foulant could be stably removed in the Ag@BiOBr/PVDF photocatalytic ultrafiltration system under visible light irradiation, achieving the excellent anti-fouling performance by preventing the membrane pore blockage and foulant adhesion. We believe the Ag@BiOBr/PVDF photocatalytic membrane presented in this study will be one example among many photocatalyst-membrane combinations that can be further pursued for organic pollutants removal. In particular, we expect the theoretical support can present a great opportunity to design novel photocatalytic membranes with sustainable anti-fouling performance.
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