Electroactive supramolecular nanoprobes for electrochemical detection of rituximab in non-Hodgkon’s lymphoma patients
Polymeric supramolecular assemblies (PSAs) exhibit excellent chemical stability, mechanical integrity, and multifunctionality, which could drive the development of biosensors. However, trapped by the significant differences in the physicochemical properties and structures of recognition ligands and signal tags, PSAs that simultaneously carry ligands and signals have rarely been reported for bioanalysis. In this study, an amphiphilic block copolymer (PVIM-b-PFMMA) was controllably synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization for the first time. The resultant copolymer can self-assemble into highly electroactive supramolecular nanoprobes (eSNPs) with integrated target recognition and signal amplification functions. Compared to traditional electroactive probes based on conductive nanomaterials or enzyme catalysis, these versatile eSNPs avoid disadvantages including high cost, tedious modification, low load capacity and leakage of signal tags. For the rapid, sensitive and accurate monitoring of rituximab in biological fluids, a new electrochemical biosensor was constructed by coupling eSNPs with mimotope peptide CN14-modified screen-printed gold electrodes. The developed biosensor achieved a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 25 pg/mL and was successfully used to monitor rituximab concentration in a series of serum samples from non-Hodgkon’s lymphoma patients. Compared with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and previously reported methods, the proposed biosensor demonstrated higher sensitivity, lower cost, simpler operation and more efficient preparation, owing to the unique superiority of eSNPs. Overall, this study presents a promising pathway for developing PSAs-based biosensors and their applications in bioanalysis.
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