Tandem Conversion of Fructose to Bio-diketones Using a Multifunctional Pd-POPs-CF3SO3H Catalyst
Graphical A multifunctional heterogeneous Pd-POPs-CF 3 SO 3 H catalyst containing integrated acid and metal sites and anions was synthesized for tandem conversion of fructose to bio-diketones in good yield with an extraordinary TOF. Tandem conversion of biomass to value-added fine chemicals is a significant challenge. For instance, the production of fine chemicals from fructose involves conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), followed by another reaction and purification. Dual catalyst systems have been used in nearly every study on the tandem conversion of fructose to bio-diketones. Therefore, a sole multifunctional heterogeneous catalyst was developed in this study for the tandem conversion of fructose to bio-diketones, which has not been reported previously. Instrument corrosion and the separation or purification of 5-HMF were avoided using the multifunctional heterogeneous catalyst, which contained integrated active sites of acid, metal, and anions. The multifunctional CF 3 SO 3 H-functionalized porous-organic-polymers(POPs)-supported Pd catalyst (Pd-POPs-CF 3 SO 3 H) was prepared using a series of modifications. A bio-diketone yield of 51.0 % was achieved using Pd-POPs-CF 3 SO 3 H in the tandem conversion of fructose with an excellent TOF of 88.3 h −1 which is much more efficient than catalyst reported in literatures. Pd-POPs-CF 3 SO 3 H could be reused at least three times with stable performance. Control experiments and characterization results proved that the high specific surface area, hierarchical pore structure, abundance of CF 3 SO 3 −1 anions, and proximity of Pd moieties and acid sites (“The closer the better” principle) led to the decent performance for bio-diketone.
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