FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2016
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IF 4.052
Shuzhen Yang,Jie Zhou,Dongmei Li,Chunyu Shang,Litao Peng,Siyi Pan
To evaluate the structure-activity relationship of 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids against P. italicum , we tested the antifungal activity of 23 selected 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids against spore germination of P. italicum , and the effects of hydroxyl group, hydrogenation, methylation and glycosylation on the antifungal activity are explored. C-4′-OH and C-3-OH are active groups for the 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids against P. italicum. We find that hydrogenation of the C2/C3 bond decreases the antifungal activity of 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids. Antifungal activity of 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids against P. italicum was affected by the conjugation site of glycosylation and the class of sugar moiety. The correlation between antifungal activity and the inhibition of respiration of 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids was further evaluated. We find no significant relationship among the IC50 of 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids on spore germination and on respiration. Some 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids even enhance the respiration of P. italicum . This indicate respiration is not the only target for 5,7-dihydroxyflavonoids against P. italicum .
研究领域:
植物化学
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微生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
·
2020
·
IF 6.513
Yuan Long,Wenqian Huang,Qingyan Wang,Guiyan Yang
Penicillium italicum ( P. italicum ) can cause significant economic loss of fruits and vegetables. Although garlic oil (GO) is an effective antimicrobial agent, the unstability and hydrophobicity limit its use as an environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional antibiotics against P. italicum . In this study, we focused on the fabrication and characterization of a functional GO nanoemulsion (NE) using ultrasonic technique and revealed the antifungal mechanism of the GO NE on P. italicum based on morphological, structural and molecular analyses. The optimal hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value determined for GO was 14 through the combination of Tween 80 and Span 80. Then the Box-Benhnken Design (BBD) was applied to produce the GO NE and the effects of different fabrication parameters on the particle size were evaluated. The optimal GO NE was selected with the GO concentration of 5.5%, the Smix concentration of 10%, the ultrasonic time of 5 min and the power of 50%. This GO NE had the smallest particle size of 52.27 nm, the best antifungal effect and the most stability. Furthermore, the antifungal mechanism of the GO NE on P. italicum was evaluated by extracellular conductivity, micro-Raman spectra, fluorescence imaging and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The results presented that the GO NE retained the antifungal active ingredients. The fungal cell structure and morphology were malformed after treated with the GO NE and the lipids, nucleic acids and protein of P. italicum were destructed. Finally, the optimal GO NE was applied in vivo and P. italicum in citrus was successfully inhibited. It indicated that the optimal GO NE had the better antifungal activity against P. italicum than the pure GO. Besides, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GO after preparing into the NE was changed from 3.7% to 0.01265% with about 300 times improvement of bioavailability. Therefore, the synthetic GO NE which promoted the bioavailability of GO was recommended as a promising alternative to inhibit P. italicum in vegetables and fruits.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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植物病理学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Lihao Lei,LinFeng Yang,Lan Li,Shuangli Zhang,Shuai Wu,Rongyu Li,Xianhui Yin,Yue Ma,Zhuo Chen
Postharvest losses, specifically due to Penicillium italicum disease, pose a significant challenge to the mandarin industry. To enhance mandarin preservation efficacy, this study developed a chitosan (CS)-based berberine sulfate/alpha-lipoic acid composite film (CS@BS/ALA) and evaluated its effects on mandarin preservation. Among the various concentrations, 4 % CS demonstrated optimal wettability and adhesion. Incorporating BS/ALA into CS formed a dense double-network structure that reduced oxygen permeability. CS@BS/ALA treatment effectively inhibited weight loss, delayed fruit softening, maintained gloss, and preserved the brix acid ratio. It also enhanced antioxidant capacity by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content and sustaining superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities. Furthermore, antimicrobial tests revealed pronounced inhibitory effects of CS@BS/ALA against Penicillium italicum . These findings indicate that CS@BS/ALA extends mandarin shelf life by regulating respiratory metabolism, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and suppressing microbial infection, thereby providing an innovative solution for reducing postharvest losses.
研究领域:
采后技术
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食品科学
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植物病理学
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高分子材料
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果实保鲜
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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2020
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IF 2.751
Shuzhen Yang,Ming Fan,Dongmei Li,Jie Zhou,Gang Fan,Litao Peng,Shixin Zhang
The physiological and iTRAQ-based proteomic analyses were used to reveal the inhibitory roles of pinocembrin on mitochondria of P. italicum and its cell death mechanism. The results show that pinocembrin damages both mitochondrial structure and function. 167 and 807 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected in P. italicum mycelia after treatment with pinocembrin for 8 h and 24 h respectively, and the DEPs were significantly enriched in the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway, especially for mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes I and V. Furthermore, the expression levels of proteins related to programmed cell death (PCD) were significantly up-regulated in mycelia with Pinocembrin incubation for 24 h. Combined with the results of physio-chemical analysis, the data revealed that pinocembrin targeted MRC complexes I and V, to induce ATP depletion, enhance ROS accumulation, stimulate mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, accelerate the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and promote cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytoplasm, which, as a result, effectively triggered three classical types of PCD pathways in mycelia of P. italicum .
研究领域:
真菌学
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蛋白质组学
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植物化学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Microorganisms
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2021
·Vol. 9
·期 5
·969
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IF 4.128
Yi Li,Runan Zhao,Yan Li,Zhiqin Zhou
Penicillium italicum, the cause of citrus blue mold, is a pathogenic fungus that seriously affects the postharvest quality of citrus fruit and causes serious economic loss. In this study, a eugenol nanoemulsion containing limonin, an antimicrobial component from citrus seeds, was prepared using a high-pressure microfluidizer and the antifungal activity of the nanoemulsions againstP. italicumwas evaluated based on the conidial germination rate, mycelial growth, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration and the inhibition rate of limonin-loaded eugenol nanoemulsion was 160 μg/mL and 59.21%, respectively, which was more potent than that of the limonin-free eugenol emulsion. After treatment with the nanoemulsions, the integrity of theP. italicumcell membrane was disrupted, the cell morphology was abnormal, and the leakage of nucleic acid and protein was observed. In addition, the challenge test on citrus fruits revealed that the limonin-loaded eugenol emulsion inhibited citrus infection for longer periods, with an infection rate of 29.2% after 5 days. The current research shows that nanoemulsions containing limonin and eugenol have effective antifungal activity againstP. italicum, and may be used as a substitute for inhibiting blue mold in citrus fruits.Keywords:eugenol nanoemulsion;citrus blue mold;limonin;Penicillium Italicum;antifungal activity
研究领域:
植物病理学
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食品科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Fungi
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2022
·Vol. 8
·期 4
·388
·
IF 5.724
Long Guo,Yi Li,Xiaoxue Mao,Rui Tao,Boyun Tao,Zhiqin Zhou
A major citrus postharvest pathogen,Penicilliumitalicum(P. italicum), causes substantial economic losses in citrus. In this study, a citral nanoemulsion containing polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs), the antimicrobial compounds from citrus, was prepared. The antifungal activity and potential antifungal mechanisms of the nanoemulsion againstP. italicumwere evaluated. The results showed that the growth ofP. italicumwas effectively inhibited by the nanoemulsion, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 62.5 and 250 mg L−1, respectively. The nanoemulsion significantly inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth, and it altered the morphology ofP. italicum. In addition, the permeability of the cell membrane increased with increasing nanoemulsion concentrations, as evidenced by a rapid rise in extracellular electric conductivity and stronger red fluorescence from mycelia (propidium iodide staining). Compared with the control, the nanoemulsion treatment induced a decrease in total lipid and ergosterol contents inP. italicumcells by 64.61% and 60.58%, respectively, demonstrating that membrane integrity had been disrupted. The results indicated that the PMFs-loaded nanoemulsion exerted antifungal activity againstP. italicumby disrupting cell membrane integrity and permeability; such a nanoemulsion may be used as a potential fungicide substitute for preservation in citrus fruits.Keywords:antifungal mechanism;citrus blue mold;membrane integrity;membrane permeability;P. italicum
研究领域:
植物病理学
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食品科学
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药理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
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2021
·
IF 5.537
Yi Li,Long Guo,Zhiqin Zhou
Penicillium italicum ( P. italicum ), the cause of citrus blue mould, is a pathogenic fungus that seriously affects the postharvest quality of citrus fruit and causes severe economic loss. Our previous research showed that adding limonin to eugenol nanoemulsion could improve the antifungal activity, and inhibited the growth of P. italicum on the surface of citrus fruit. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of limonin-loaded eugenol emulsion (EuLm) against P. italicum based on the influence on membrane structure and intracellular substance metabolism. Results indicated that EuLm showed disruptive activity on the fungal cell membrane, mitochondrial membrane potential and the ergosterol synthesis. Meanwhile, EuLm treatment causes the intracellular substances of total lipids, cell proteins and total sugars to decrease by 56.7 %, 37.4 % and 17.4 %, respectively. GC–MS-based metabolomics showed 34 metabolites declined after EuLm treatment, including amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, and glycosides. The results suggested that EuLm interferes with fungal metabolic pathways, such as the TCA cycle, lipid metabolism and protein synthesis. Our study provides new insight into exploring the underlying mechanisms of antifungal phytochemicals against P. italicum .
研究领域:
植物化学
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微生物学
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食品科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 6
Yang Wang,Yuling Zhao,Rongrong Wu,Jingwen Gao,Menghan Chen,Yue Cui,Jianxiong Hao,Junhua Han,Karl Matthews
This study investigated the antifungal effect of curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation (PDI) with ascorbic acid (Vc) as a synergist on Penicillium italicum and its biofilms, and evaluated the efficacy in inactivating P. italicum on fresh-cut orange. Results showed that the number of P. italicum spores decreased by 4.61 Log CFU/mL when the concentration of curcumin, Vc and illumination time was 75 μmol/L, 250 mg/L and 20 min, respectively. After PDI treatment, the cell structure of P. italicum was destroyed and leakage of cell contents was observed. Mature P. italicum biofilms were formed after 72 h of incubation, and PDI could reduce the spores in biofilms by 3.23 Log CFU/mL. In addition, under the optimal photodynamic conditions, the number of P. italicum spores in fresh-cut orange decreased by 2.48 Log CFU/g, and the sensory quality was well maintained. In conclusion, curcumin-mediated photodynamic technology could better maintain the freshness of fresh-cut orange. Therefore, this study deepened the understanding of the antimicrobial efficacy of curcumin-mediated PDI on food borne pathogens and its impact on food quality.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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植物病理学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 7
Yuwei Luo,Xin Chen,Jin Xin Che,Yonghua Zhang,Qiuli Ouyang,Nengguo Tao
Blue mold caused by Penicillium italicum is one of the most devastating postharvest diseases in Citrus fruit. This work aims to determine the antifungal potential of ( E )-2-octenal, a component of plant essential oil, on the mycelial growth and disease incidence of a prochloraz-resistant strain of P. italicum isolated from an orchard in Luxi, Hunan Province, China. An in vitro assay revealed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of ( E )-2-octenal were 0.25 and 0.50 mL L −1 , respectively. An in vivo assay showed that wax + 4 × MFC ( E )-2-octenal treatment could reduce the blue mold incidence in Ponkan fruit inoculated with P. italicum without impairing fruit quality. Scanning electron microscopy analysis illustrated that the mycelia of P. italicum were anomalously twisted and shrunken upon treatment with ( E )-2-octenal. The primary antifungal targets were attributed to the cell membrane instead of the cell wall based on propidium iodide and calcofluor white staining results. In addition, ( E )-2-octenal induced massive accumulation of reactive oxygen species in hyphae in a dose-dependent manner, leading to oxidative stress and dysfunction of energy and respiration metabolism. At the same time, the activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) were decreased in ( E )-2-octenal-treated samples. Taken together, our present study suggested that ( E )-2-octenal could exert its antifungal activity against P. italicum by damaging the function of mitochondria and may be a potential antifungal substance for an alternative to chemical fungicides.
研究领域:
植物科学
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微生物学
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食品科学
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植物病理学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 5
Yanchi Liu,Lintao Zhao,Hongyang Chen,Zimao Ye,Long Guo,Zhiqin Zhou
The study prepared and used eugenol nanoemulsion loaded with nobiletin as fungistat to study its antifungal activity and potential mechanism of Penicillium italicum (P. italicum) . The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eugenol nanoemulsion loaded with nobiletin (EGN) was lower than that of pure eugenol nanoemulsion (EG), which were 160 μg/mL and 320 μg/mL, respectively. At the same time, the mycelial growth inhibition rate of EGN nanoemulsion (54.68 %) was also higher than that of EG nanoemulsion (9.92 %). This indicates that EGN nanoemulsion is more effective than EG nanoemulsion. Compared with EG nanoemulsion, the treatment of EGN nanoemulsion caused more serious damage to the cell structure of P. italicum . At the same time, in vitro inoculation experiments found that EGN nanoemulsion has better control and delay the growth and reproduction of P. italicum in citrus fruits. And the results reflected that EGN nanoemulsion may be considered as potential resouces of natural antiseptic to inhibit blue mold disease of citrus fruits, because it has good antifungal activity.
研究领域:
药理学
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微生物学
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食品科学
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植物病理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 3.9
Wang Chunjing,Liu Xingyu,Chen Xiumei,Che Jinxin,Tao Nengguo,Pan Fei
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the antifungal activity of chain aldehydes with potent antifungal properties against Penicillium italicum ( P. italicum ) resistant to prochloraz. The results showed that trans,trans -2,4-nonadienal and trans,trans -2,4-octadienal possessed the strong antifungal activity with MIC values of 0.10 μL/mL for both compounds. Density functional theory (DFT) revealed that compounds with highly delocalized electron systems exhibited significantly stronger antifungal potency. Machine learning (ML) techniques were used to build regression models for identifying the influential structure features of aldehydes, and the random forest (RF) model had lower error levels. We can conclude that the DFT coupled with ML is a reliable, fast and inexpensive tool for solving problems related to the structure properties and antifungal activity. The strategy can be extended to find safe and effective novel inhibitors of P. italicum resistant to prochloraz for the development of green inhibitors of postharvest diseases in fruits and vegetables.
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2020
·
IF 1.992
Jinxin Che,Xiumei Chen,Qiuli Ouyang,Nengguo Tao
Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum are the two important postharvest pathogens in citrus, causing about 90% of the total loss of citrus fruit during storage and transportation. Natural fungicides such as essential oils have been widely used instead of chemical fungicides for preventing and controlling postharvest diseases. In this research, p -anisaldehyde exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on P. digitatum and P. italicum , with the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration values of both being 2.00 μl/ml. Additionally, p -anisaldehyde visibly inhibited both the green mold and blue mold development of citrus fruits inoculated with P. digitatum and P. italicum . The mycelia morphologies of these pathogens were greatly altered, and the membrane permeability and cell wall integrity of mycelia were severely disrupted under p -anisaldehyde treatment. These results suggest that the antifungal activity of p -anisaldehyde against P. digitatum and P. italicum can be attributed to the disruption of the cell wall integrity.
研究领域:
植物病理学
·
食品科学
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）