Ma Wang,Yi Shengen,Lin Liangwu,Huang He,Peng Tao,Liu Zhongtao,Liu Zhipeng,Pei Dongni,Miao Xiongying,Wen Yu,Chen Wei,Xiong Li
To synthesize a novel photosensitizer loaded into hollow titanium dioxide nanoparticles (HTNP) and evaluate the efficacy of its anticancer effects on Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. DLS measurements showed that the size of the particles ranged from 80 to 1,000 nm, with
an average diameter of 120 nm. The PDI of the Photosan-loaded HTNP was 0.112 ± 0.01, indicating that the samples have excellent quality with a narrow size distribution in monomodal systems. The photodynamic effects were positively related to the photosensitizer concentration, the light
dose, and the incubation duration. Using the same parameters, photodynamic therapy induced with Photosan-loaded HTNP had a more severe inhibition effect on cancer cell growth than that induced using free Photosan. Moreover, the nano-Photosan groups produced effects within a shorter duration
than free Photosan. Neither the Photosan-loaded nanoparticles nor free Photosan affected H6C7 cells cultured from a normal pancreas. The flow cytometry results demonstrated that laser-induced cell death with Photosan-loaded HTNP was substantially more severe than that induced with free Photosan.
Photosan-loaded HTNP are safe and stable and exhibit faster and more effective tumoricidal effects than free Photosan in the inhibition of Panc-1 cell growth.
Summary Background Nanoparticles have been explored recently as an efficient means to deliver photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy . However, it is largely unknown if polyhematoporphyrin (C 34 H 38 N 4 NaO 5 , Photosan-II, PS) or other photosensitizers can be efficiently delivered by hollow silica nanoparticles (HSNP). Methods Polyhematoporphyrin (C 34 H 38 N 4 NaO 5 , Photosan-II, PS) was loaded into hollow silica nanoparticles (HSNP) by one-step wet chemical-based synthetic route. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and polydispersive index (PDI) were used for measurement of the particles size and size distribution. Transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscopy were used for the microstructure, morphological and chemical composition analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry spectra and fluorescence emission spectrum were obtained. The photobiological activity of the PS-loaded HSNP was evaluated on human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells. The cellular viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptotic and necrotic cells were measured by flow cytometry. Results DLS measurements showed that the size of the particles is in the range of 25–90 nm. PDI of the PS-loaded HSNP is 0.121 ± 0.01, indicating that samples have excellent quality with narrow size distribution to monomodal systems. In MTT assay , PS-loaded HSNP and free PS of the same concentration killed about 95.3% ± 2.0% and 55.7% ± 1.9% of QBC939 cells, respectively. The flow cytometry demonstrated that the laser induced cell death with PS-loaded HSNP was much more severe than that of free PS ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Photosan-II-loaded hollow silica nanoparticles not only can quickly deliver Photosan-II into cells but also can reach a more high concentration than free Photosan-II. HSNP is a desirable vehicle and the release system that shows promises for photodynamic therapy use, which not only improve the aqueous solubility, stability and transport efficiency of PS, but also increase its photodynamic efficacy compared to free PS.
Liu Zhong-Tao,Xiong Li,Liu Zhi-Peng,Miao Xiong-Ying,Lin Liang-Wu,Wen Yu
This study aimed to compare the inhibitory effects of photosensitizers loaded in hollow silica nanoparticles and conventional photosensitizers on HepG2 human hepatoma cell proliferation and determine the underlying mechanisms. Photosensitizers (conventional Photosan-II or nanoscale Photosan-II) were administered to in vitro cultured HepG2 hepatoma cells and treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with various levels of light exposure. To assess photosensitizers' effects, cell viability was determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In addition, apoptotic and necrotic cells were measured by flow cytometry and the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 evaluated by western blot. Finally, the in vivo effects of nanoscale and conventional photosensitizers on liver cancer were assessed in nude mice. Nanoscale Photosan-II significantly inhibited hepatoma cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner and this effect was more pronounced with high laser doses. Moreover, nanoscale photosensitizers performed better than the conventional ones under the same experimental conditions (p < 0.05). Flow cytometry data demonstrated that laser-induced cell death was markedly increased after treatment with nanoscale Photosan-II in comparison with free Photosan-II (p < 0.05). Activated caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels were significantly higher in cells treated with Photosan-II loaded in silica nanoparticles than free Photosan-II (p < 0.05). Accordingly, treatment with nanoscale photosensitizers resulted in improved outcomes (tumor volume) in a mouse model of liver cancer, in comparison with conventional photosensitizers. Hollow silica nanoparticles containing photosensitizer more efficiently inhibited hepatoma cells than photosensitizer alone, through induction of apoptosis, both in vivo and in vitro.
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