Preeclampsia constitutes a critical and severe complication of gestational hypertension in pregnant women. At present, there exists no effective treatment for preeclampsia, although placental growth factor (PlGF) has been identified as the most reliable predictive biomarker. Consequently, the accurate quantification of PlGF levels in the blood of pregnant women affected by preeclampsia is imperative. In this study, a microfluidic photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on ZnIn 2 S 4 /In 2 S 3 heterojunction photosensitive material was developed on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and integrated with microfluidic channels. This innovative platform enables the detection of PlGF, an eclampsia marker, in pregnant women. Following activation with chitosan (CTS) and glutaraldehyde (GA), the immobilized monoclonal antibody specific to PlGF forms a covalent bond with its corresponding antigen, and the interaction is detected through changes in photocurrent. The experimental results indicate that the proposed sensor exhibits a wide detection range of 0.1 pg mL⁻¹ to 1 µg mL⁻¹ for PlGF, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0879 pg mL⁻¹ (S/N = 3). Additionally, the sensor demonstrates excellent specificity, stability, reproducibility, low sample consumption, and robust detection performance for clinical specimens. Therefore, this sensor holds significant promise as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for early screening of eclampsia-related conditions in pregnant women.
Preeclampsia in pregnancies affects angiogenesis while the fetus develops. Early diagnosis of preeclampsia can enable timely prognosis and intervention. This study developed a smartphone-based, label-free dual-channel electrochemical biosensing platform for the simultaneous detection of preeclampsia biomarkers, placental growth factor (PLGF) and soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1). Based on the functional modification of gold nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide on working electrodes, the specific surface area is enlarged, and the stability is improved. PLGF and sFlt-1 antibody serving as sensitive elements, are immobilized on the electrode surface. As PLGF binds sFlt-1 dynamically, fluidic chambers are designed based on 3D printing for comprehensive detection. The biosensor achieved linear ranges of 10–8000 pg mL −1 for sFlt-1 and 1–250 pg mL −1 for PLGF, meeting clinical diagnostic requirements. Molecular docking is used to analyze the binding properties and signaling pathways of PLGF and sFlt-1, providing critical diagnostic insights for clinicians. This biosensing platform, featuring a portable integrated circuit and smartphone-based APP, enables point-of-care testing (POCT). Comparison tests using plasma samples from 10 individuals demonstrated a strong correlation (r > 0.98, p > 0.1) with ELISA, indicating the potential in clinical POCT applications for preeclampsia. These results suggest that the sensor can be used as a dual-channel biomarker for preeclampsia without sample labeling.
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