GREEN CHEMISTRY
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2017
·Vol. 20
·期 3
·713-723
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IF 9.125
Yongqiang Zhang,Phongphat Prawang,Chunshan Li,Xiangzhan Meng,Yu Zhao,Hui Wang,Suojiang Zhang
Artemisinin is a kind of natural antimalarial drug exhibiting low toxicity and a very fast action against malaria. Solvent extraction is the most widely used method to separate artemisinin from the Chinese medicinal herb Artemisia annua L. In this study, a series of monoether-based solvents were investigated to extract artemisinin, and propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME) was found to be the most appropriate one for this extraction. Ultrasonic irradiation was demonstrated to be able to assist artemisinin extraction. Influence of extraction conditions, including liquid/solid ratio, extraction temperature, ultrasonic time, and ultrasonic power, on the extraction efficiency were discussed by single-factor experiments, and the main influencing factors were optimized by response surface methods. The extraction mechanism was explored using spectroscopic characterizations, and kinetics of this process was also studied. Results indicated that ultrasonic assisted extraction using PGME had faster extraction rate than conventional solvents, and ultrasonic could significantly enhance mass transfer. Compared with conventional extraction, the process developed here exhibited a higher efficiency (13.79 mg g−1vs. 13.29 mg g−1) and shorter extraction time (decreased from 8 h to 0.5 h) at a relatively low temperature. In addition, PGME had low toxicity and volatility, making the extraction process more safe and reliable. Therefore, this proposed method demonstrated that PGME-based ultrasonic assisted extraction is a rapid, efficient, simple and safe technique for natural product extraction.
研究领域:
药用植物学
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天然产物化学
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中药学
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DOI
高影响因子
FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA
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2014
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IF 2.241
Changshen Ye,Xiaolian Dong,Wenjie Zhu,Dongren Cai,Ting Qiu
Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for three binary systems (PM + PMA, MeAc + PM and MeOH + PMA) at 101.3 kPa were measured in a double circulating still of modified Othmer type. The thermodynamic consistency of the experimental data was checked by Herington method. The experimental data were correlated with NRTL and Wilson models. The binary interaction parameters of both models have been obtained by simplex method. The root mean square deviations (RMSD) for the vapor phase fraction and the boiling temperature are less than 0.01 and 0.5 K, respectively. The results indicate that the calculated values by NRTL and Wilson models are in good agreement with the experimental data and no azeotropic behavior has been found in the three binary systems. The research findings would provide basic data for the design and analysis of distillation process.
研究领域:
化学工程
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热力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Kaiqi Du,Guangpeng Chen,Hao Pan,Liting Fan,Huiping Xu,Wenqiu Su,Shaolong Wan,Wenjing Hong
Base-catalyzed transesterification was studied for PGMEA synthesis avoiding acid and water. • EtONa was identified as the catalyst and its deactivation mechanism was EA Claisen condensation. • In situ formation of sodium PGME can partially suppress catalyst deactivation at low loadings. • 99.90% PGMEA with negligible metal and moisture was achieved by customized rectification. • Process simulation of two-stage distillation shows that electronic-grade PGMEA is achievable. Propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA) is an essential electronic-grade solvent in semiconductor manufacturing. However, the conventional esterification route introduces acid and water, requiring extensive purification to meet ultra-stringent quality standards. Herein, an alternative transesterification process with base catalysts that inherently avoids acid and water formation was systematically investigated. Sodium ethoxide (EtONa) exhibited the highest catalytic activity among the bases examined. Catalyst deactivation was traced to EtONa-catalyzed Claisen condensation of ethyl acetate (EA), while the formation of sodium PGME (PGMENa) partially suppressed this effect at low catalyst loadings. Using a customized rectification process, PGMEA with 99.90% purity and negligible metal content was obtained, and process simulation results indicate that electronic-grade purity (99.9999%) is achievable. This work demonstrates a practical and industrially viable route for the production of ultra-high-purity PGMEA.
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
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2026
·
IF 2.4
Yue Wang,Shaolong Dong,Houchun Yan,Lei Chen,Kebin Huang,Yingmin Yu
This work focuses on exploring feasible strategies for the efficient separation of propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME) from aqueous solutions using a series of alkyl alcohols (1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol) as extractants, in which liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) experiments and separation mechanism analyses were performed for water + PGME + alkyl alcohol at 303 K and 101.3 kPa. The extraction performance of alkyl alcohols was evaluated by calculating distribution coefficients (D) and separation factors (S), correlating liquid–liquid extraction data with NRTL and UNIQUAC thermodynamic models to regress binary interaction parameters, and validating the reliability of model parameters by verifying thermodynamic consistency; furthermore, the intrinsic extraction mechanisms at the molecular level were revealed by combining σ-Profile analysis, deformation charge density analysis, intermolecular interaction energy calculations, and reduced density gradient (RDG) analysis. This work provides a theoretical basis for the screening and application of alkyl alcohol extractants.
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN
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2026
·
IF 4
Yancong Yin,Zhiwei Zhang,Fumin Wang,Xubin Zhang,Bingxin Zhu,Yang Qin,Jinhua Shi,Kaihao Li,Guodong Zhu,Qi Shen,Changhao Bing,Qingzhao Liu,Zheng Wang,Qingshan zhao
Electronic-grade propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) plays a vital role in the semiconductor industry. The direct synthesis of PGMEA from propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PM) and acetic acid (HAC) is inherently limited by reaction equilibrium constraints. The reactive distillation (RD) process effectively addresses this equilibrium limitation by utilizing an entrainer to continuously remove reaction products from the system. A significant enhancement in reaction conversion is achieved through this approach. In the reactive distillation process, PM, as one of the reactants, is utilized as the water-entraining agent, which enables simultaneous promotion of the forward reaction via water removal and prevention of impurity introduction, as no external entrainer is required. At the beginning, the reaction kinetics model for PGMEA synthesis is established to precisely elucidate the influence of temperature and concentration on the progress. Furthermore, reactive distillation experiments and process simulation studies are conducted, and two highly feasible and broadly applicable processes for high-purity PGMEA production are yielded ultimately. Through the study, a high-purity PGMEA product is provided as distillation feedstock for subsequent purification steps to achieve electronic-grade product specifications.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2023
·Vol. 47
·期 16
·7810-7818
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IF 3.3
Yanke Guo,Qiaoyun Qin,Jing Zhu,Baohe Wang
Propylene glycol methyl ether was directly synthesized from propylene and hydrogen peroxide under mild conditions via aluminum modified titanium silicalite-1 as a bifunctional catalyst. It has both active sites capable of epoxidation and active sites capable of ring opening reactions, thus realizing the one-pot preparation of propylene glycol methyl ether by propylene. The synergistic effect of Ti–Al on the catalytic performance and the distribution of propylene glycol methyl ether isomer were investigated in detail, and the synergistic catalysis between the two active sites was characterized. The gradual introduction of aluminum reduced the activation ability for hydrogen peroxide, but gradually increased the selectivity for propylene glycol methyl ether. Under the optimum conditions, the selectivity for propylene glycol methyl ether reached 91.53%. Combined with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, the synergistic catalytic effect of doped Al and framework Ti in titanium silicalite-1 is discussed in detail from a microscopic perspective. Al increases the Lewis acid strength of Ti active sites and promotes the conversion of propylene to propylene oxide (PO), and simultaneously Ti increases the Brønsted acid strength of Al active sites and promotes the conversion of propylene oxide to propylene glycol ether.
研究领域:
化学工程
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催化科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2020
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IF 10.652
Ran An,Shengxin Chen,Ruirui Zhang,Fei Dai,Zhimao Zhou,Chunhu Li,Ruixia Liu,Weizhong An
An imidazole polymer (divinylbenzene-vinylimidazole) catalyst (P-DVB-VIM) was developed for production of the eco-friendly solvent propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME) by the propoxylation reaction of propylene oxide (PO) with methanol (ME). The catalyst was characterized in detail by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. 1 H NMR was used to characterize the structural features of the catalyst precursor, i.e., the linear polymer of vinylimidazole (PVIM). An “electrophile nucleophile dual activation” ring-opening mechanism was proposed based on the “cooperative effect” of the reactant and PVIM. The catalytic performance was investigated and optimized at 100–130 ℃ using an autoclave batch reactor. The results reveal that the P-DVB-VIM shows excellent catalytic performance, exhibiting the highest turnover frequency (TOF) number at 120 °C within 45 min. The reaction kinetics was systematically studied using the pseudohomogeneous (PH) kinetic model. The kinetic parameters were determined by non-linear regression analysis of the experimental data. Validation of the model showed that the experimental data were in good agreement with the predicted outcomes. Moreover, based on the proposed kinetic model, steady-state simulations of the production of PGME in a fixed-bed reactor were carried out to determine the optimal design parameters, thus providing a useful guide for the design and production of PGME on the industrial scale.
研究领域:
化学工程
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催化
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有机化学
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过程工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CATALYSIS COMMUNICATIONS
·
2017
·
IF 3.33
Shengxin Chen,Ruixia Liu,Yajing Li,Ruirui Zhang,Cong Zhao,Hongguo Tang,Congzhen Qiao,Suojiag Zhang
The relationship of basicity and hydrogen bond with catalytic performance was investigated in synthesis of propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME) catalyzed by various ILs ([Emim][OAC], [Bmim][OAC], [N 2222 ][OAC], [EtOHN 111 ][OAC], [N 4444 ]Br, [Bmim][N(CN) 2 ], [Bmim]Br, [Bmim][PF 6 ]). The basicity and Kamlet-Taft parameters of each catalyst were evaluated by UV–visible spectroscopy. It was found the catalytic performance is the synergistic effect of basicity and hydrogen bond donating ability in the synthesis of PGME from PO and CH 3 OH, which is quite different from the conventional basic catalytic mechanism.
研究领域:
化学
·
催化材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）