Scintillators have recently attracted increased attention because of their potential applications in various fields, such as medical imaging, security, and nondestructive inspection . However, the response time of commercial scintillators is normally in microseconds or milliseconds only, a property that restricts their practical applications in high-resolution and dynamic X-ray imaging. Here, we report Rb 2 AgCl 3 crystals as an efficient scintillator material with ultrafast response time. The Rb 2 AgCl 3 crystals were found to have a one-dimensional structure and a bright-orange emission peak at 580 nm and a quantum yield of 60.0%. Experimental and computational studies revealed that the strong emission might have originated from self-trapping excitons that resulted into large Stokes shifts and high quantum efficiency. Upon X-ray excitation, the Rb 2 AgCl 3 crystals displayed a fast scintillation decay time of 9.5 ns and achieved a light yield of 18,300 photons MeV −1 . The ratio of light yield to decay time could reach up to 1926 photons MeV −1 ns −1 , which was higher than that of existing commercial scintillators. As a scintillator, Rb 2 AgCl 3 crystals are a promising material with potential applications in dynamic real-time imaging with a high spatial resolution owing to its nontoxicity, good stability, high light yield, and short decay time.
X-ray scintillators play a crucial role in medical imaging, security applications, and non-destructive testing. However, most scintillators currently struggle to simultaneously fulfill the criteria of environmental sustainability, cost-effectiveness, high light yield, rapid decay times, excellent stability, and suitability for large-area devices. In this paper, we present a perovskite scintillator that encompasses all of these desired features by a defect modulation strategy. Different concentrations of Li + have been doped into the Rb 2 AgCl 3 by the anti-solvent method. The photoluminescence and radioluminescence intensity have been significantly increased. At the optimal doping concentration, the fluorescence quantum yield of the sample was as high as 88.7 %, the photoluminescence decay time was only 4.60 ns, which is faster than that of most scintillators; The experiments show that the introduction of Li + reduces the defects in the matrix and enhances emission intensity and decay rate. A large-area plastic composite scintillator film with Li + doped Rb 2 AgCl 3 scintillator achieved a spatial resolution of 12 lp/mm for X-ray imaging. Our study shows that defect engineering can effectively improve the performance of inorganic halide perovskite scintillator materials.
Solar-blind ultraviolet polarization detection is critically hindered by the intrinsic isotropy, complex fabrication, and insufficient polarization sensitivity of conventional ultrawide-bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors such as Ga 2 O 3 and h-BN. Here, we break this deadlock by introducing a rationally designed lead-free perovskite analogue, one-dimensional Rb 2 AgCl 3 single crystals, which were synthesized via a spatially confined cooling method. Its unique chain-like lattice endows an ultrawide bandgap of 4.83 eV, exceptional thermal stability up to 934 K, and pronounced in-plane optical anisotropy. Enabled by these attributes, a Schottky-junction self-powered photodetector achieves unprecedented solar-blind ultraviolet performance: a responsivity of 0.2 A/W, specific detectivity of 3.46 × 10 12 Jones, external quantum efficiency of 96%, ultrafast response of 7.9/17.5 µs, and a record dichroic ratio of 15.8 at 255 nm. These metrics not only surpass all reported perovskite-based devices but also rival, and even outperform, state-of-the-art UWBG semiconductors. Furthermore, the detector enables high-fidelity polarization imaging, convolutional neural network integration with >99% recognition accuracy, and a 6 × 6 array encryption system based on physically unclonable function keys. This work elevates low-dimensional lead-free perovskites from mere substitutes to genuine rivals, establishing a transformative platform for intelligent, self-powered solar-blind optoelectronics.
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