Xingcui Guo,Quan Cao,Yijun Jiang,Jing Guan,Xiaoyan Wang,Xindong Mu
Mesoporous SBA-15 materials functionalized with propylsulfonic acid groups (SBA-15-SO 3 H) were synthesized through a conventional one-pot route. It was used as a catalyst for the selective synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from the dehydration of fructose using BmimCl as solvent. Reaction time, temperature and fructose concentration were investigated during the HMF synthesis procedure. The catalyst SBA-15-SO 3 H exhibits high fructose conversion (near 100%) and HMF selectivity (about 81%) with good stability in the HMF synthesis. It was a suitable catalyst to produce HMF from renewable carbohydrates in potential industrial process.
Different morphologies of ZrO 2 were produced by different templates: ZrO 2 (CaCO 3 ), ZrO 2 (C 12 H 25 SO 3 Na), ZrO 2 (C 12 H 25 SO 4 Na), ZrO 2 (CTAB), and solid superacids, such as ZrO 2 /SBA-15, SO 4 2- /ZrO 2 , SO 4 2- /ZrO 2 /SBA-15, and SBA-15-SO 3 H. The catalytic transesterification activities of these catalysts were tested. The more highly acidic catalysts and higher surface areas led to higher catalytic activity. In particular, the conversion yield of triglyceride reached 90.1% and was maintained for 90 min at 200 °C with 5.0 wt% SBA-15-SO 3 H, indicating this material to be one of most effective acid catalysts for the transesterification process. The mechanism indicated that the most important process was the abstraction of hydrogen from alcohols and α-substituted carboxylic glycerides. In the initial transesterification, the alcohol hydrogen atoms could be attracted onto the surface. Then, the nucleophilic attack of the alcohol led to the α-substituted carboxylic glyceride. Finally, monoglycerides, diglycerides or glycerine were released from the surface by proton (H + ) replacement.