Fortunella margarita polysaccharides (FMPS) are composed of 4 polysaccharide fragments, namely mannogalactoglucan, galactoglucan, glucan and arabinoglucan. This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of FMPS fractions and their effect on the fecal microbiota of mice and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. The results showed that the structure of the fecal microbiota was changed after FMPS fermentation. At the phylum level, the polysaccharide fractions reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes compared with the inulin group. At the genus level, the polysaccharide fractions increased the abundance of Lactobacillus , and decreased the abundance of Granulicatella , Proteus and Rummeliibacillus . Polysaccharide fractions could promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria ( Lactobacillus ), and decreased harmful bacteria ( Granulicatella , Proteus , Rummeliibacillus and Serratia ). Furthermore, there was a significant distinction in the genus level flora processed by different polysaccharide fractions, especially mannogalactoglucan. Polysaccharide fractions showed potential prebiotic effects, with mannogalactoglucan, in particular, promoting proliferation of SCFA-producing bacteria. SCFAs were regulated by monosaccharide composition, molecular weight of the FMPS fractions, and the composition of the fecal bacteria. Polysaccharide fractions could modulate metabolic function of the fecal microbiota, altering the levels of SCFAs. These results suggested that FMPS are important functional components in gut health, especially mannogalactoglucan.
The use of waste activated sludge (WAS) fermentative short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as the excellent carbon source of wastewater biological nutrient removal has drawn much attention recently as it can reuse WAS organics and reduce WAS production. This study developed a novel, efficient, and environmentally friendly approach combining atmospheric pressure plasma jet with microbubbles (plasma/MBs) for WAS pretreatment. Compared with the control, plasma/MBs pretreatment enhanced SCFA generation by 92% and acetic acid proportion by 21% with plasma discharge power at 500 W and MBs dosage at 7.9 mg/L dissolved oxygen. The plasma/MBs combination motivated the reaction of various reactive species (such as O 3 , NO x , ONOO − , •OH, e − , 1 O 2 , and •O 2 − ) and enhanced the activity of physical energies (such as light and heat). This synergy promoted sludge cell lysis and biodegradable substance release, significantly boosting acetic acid-enriched SCFA generation from fermentation. Moreover, plasma/MBs pretreatment increased the expression of key genes for SCFA production during fermentation, which also contributed to the production of SCFAs. Besides, plasma/MBs pretreatment favored WAS dewatering, heavy metal removal, and organic pollutant degradation, providing a new approach to advancing WAS resource recovery through innocuous management.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）