To change the strong hydrophilicity of alginate and make it have good amphiphilic property, thereby broadening its application as a new pesticide-controlled release system, the hexyl alginate ester derivative (HAED) was synthesized by the bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (S N 2) reaction, using 1-bromohexane as the hydrophobic modifier. The structure and self-aggregate performance of the synthesized HAED were contrastively characterized. Moreover, the loading and release performance of λ-Cyhalothrin (LCH) for the HAED microcapsules prepared by the high-speed shearing method was also studied. The synthesized HAED exhibited enhanced molecular flexibility and good self-aggregate performance, which could form the stable self-aggregated spherical micelles with the average hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of 416 nm (PDI = 0.29) and − 39.9 mV, respectively, due to the intra- or intermolecular hydrophobic associations. Furthermore, the obtained HAED microcapsules displayed the high encapsulation efficiency and sustained-release property in comparison with the SA microcapsules for the good affinity of HAED to hydrophobic LCH that retarded the drug diffusion. On the basis of the excellent advantages of HAED, it was expected to become the ideal candidate for hydrophobic drug delivery in controlled-release pesticide formulations.
Metal-metal oxide catalysts are robust in selective hydrodeoxygenation of biomass derives. Herein, 1-hexanol in total yield about 76 % is firstly achieved by high selective hydrodeoxygenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over Ni/MCM-41 and Pt-WO X /t-ZrO 2 . By controlling the amount ratio of Ni/Ni 2+ to 0.46, a 99.9 % yield of 2,5-tetrahydrofurandimethanol was achieved from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by Ni/MCM-41. Subsequently high yield of 76 % of 1-hexanol was obtained by competing pathways of tandem reactions beginning at SN2 reaction at the epoxy atom of 2,5-tetrahydrofurandimethanol to enol/tautomer intermediates and ending with controllable selective hydrogenation. The reaction mechanism is explored and the reaction-oriented regulation is realized by the additional strong BrÖnsted acid sites generated by electron transfer from W to Pt and the appropriate amount of Pt 0 sites of Pt-WO X /t-ZrO 2 , where the ratios of W 5+ /W 6+ and Pt 0 /Pt 2+ are 0.31 and 4.58 respectively. This work provides a new and green method for the synthesis of 1-hexanol and expands the utilization of metal–metal oxide in making value-added products using sustainable feedstocks.
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