Quantum dots (QDs), with adjustable bandgaps, high interfacial reactivity, and efficient charge transfer, are promising in photocatalytic bacteriostasis. However, challenges like fast charge recombination, instability, and aggregation limit their catalytic efficiency and broader applications. A dual-carrier system of regenerated cationic cellulose (RCC) and Ga is first proposed to achieve steady-state Cu x S QDs with quantum confinement, sulfur-rich vacancies, and p-type Schottky structure, maximizing their photocatalytic activity. The Schottky junction interface and internal electric field accelerate carrier separation, while sulfur vacancies act as hot electron traps, further suppressing electron–hole recombination. Therefore, this ternary composite system demonstrates an optimal bandgap (2.25 eV), low electrochemical impedance, extended photoluminescence decay (9.87 ns), and broad-spectrum light absorption, thereby improving carrier conversion into ROS, including 1 O 2 . These reactive species high-efficiently sterilize E. coli , S. aureus , and drag-resistant bacteria, achieving logarithmic removal values of 6–8 at a high bacterial concentration (10 8 CFU mL −1 ) under visible-light illumination. Pathogen demise primarily results from photo-excited ROS, which induce instability and even substantial damage to microbial membranes, leading to excessive oxidative stress and degradation of essential cellular components, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and DNA. This study introduces an innovative organic/inorganic strategy for designing semiconductor QD-based disinfection photocatalysts.
A series of cobalt-nitrogen modified catalysts were prepared and applied to the degradation of phenol . The Mott Schottky catalyst (CoO/NGr@C) with high pyridine nitrogen content was designed to activate potassium peroxodisulfate (PDS) to generate active free radicals for phenol degradation. The structural properties of the materials are analyzed by XPS , TEM and then the charge density calculation is performed by DFT, which proves the existence of the highly active interface effect. Co–N-C MCM-41 can only degrade phenol into benzoquinone and it is difficult to achieve further degradation of benzoquinone, while the modified CoO/NGr@C can achieve deep mineralization of the intermediate benzoquinone through UV spectrum. EPR was used to prove that both hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radicals exist in the degradation process of phenol. Through the DFT simulation calculation of the material, it is proved that the existence of carbon activated by nitrogen and the electron rearrangement between cobalt and nitrogen-rich carbon lead to the catalytic activity of the material. The degradation conditions of phenol were optimized and the reaction kinetics of further phenol degradation were studied. The activation energy of phenol degradation on CoO/NGr@C is calculated to be 34.38 kJ mol −1 .
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